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Showing posts with label reform. Show all posts
Showing posts with label reform. Show all posts

Monday, September 22, 2025

Judiciary: India’s Biggest Roadblock to Viksit Bharat? Unpacking the Challenges and Charting a Path Forward with AI

न्यायपालिका: विकसित भारतको सबैभन्दा ठूलो अवरोध? चुनौतीहरूको विश्लेषण र एआईसँग अघि बढ्ने बाटो



Judiciary: India’s Biggest Roadblock to Viksit Bharat? Unpacking the Challenges and Charting a Path Forward with AI

At the Nyaya Nirmaan 2025 conclave, Sanjeev Sanyal, member of the Prime Minister’s Economic Advisory Council (EAC-PM), made waves when he described India’s judiciary as the “single biggest roadblock” to achieving Viksit Bharat—the vision of a developed India by 2047. His blunt remark struck a nerve, echoing frustrations that have simmered for decades: the slow pace of justice, the staggering backlog of cases, and the heavy drag these create on India’s economic and social progress.

With India’s economy expected to grow at 7–8% annually, the gap between economic momentum and judicial stagnation is widening. This article unpacks the systemic hurdles, explores reform options, and highlights how artificial intelligence (AI) could transform India’s justice system into an accessible, efficient, and citizen-focused service.


The Context: Why the Judiciary Lags Behind

India’s booming economy—powered by manufacturing expansion, digital innovation, and rising foreign investment—requires a judicial system that can resolve disputes quickly and fairly. Instead, delays in resolving cases over contracts, land titles, or insolvency often lock up billions in capital, dampening investor confidence.

  • A 2024 government analysis estimated that $200 billion worth of assets remain stuck in legal limbo because of judicial delays.

  • In global comparisons, India fares poorly: it ranks 163rd out of 190 countries in the World Bank’s contract enforcement metric, where disputes can take an average of 1,445 days to resolve.

  • In contrast, Singapore resolves commercial disputes in under 200 days, while China has rolled out digital courts with streamlined case management.

The mismatch between India’s economic ambitions and judicial capacity is increasingly seen as a bottleneck to becoming a developed economy.


Key Hurdles Facing the Judiciary

India’s judiciary is weighed down by 52 million pending cases. At the current disposal rate, some estimates suggest it could take centuries to clear the backlog. The main obstacles include:

  1. Backlog and Vacancies

    • Over 30% of sanctioned judicial positions remain vacant, particularly in district and subordinate courts where most cases originate.

    • Rising awareness of rights and increasing litigation are adding pressure to an already overloaded system.

  2. Procedural Inefficiencies

    • Endless adjournments, reliance on paper-based filings, and colonial-era procedures slow down justice delivery.

    • Even time-sensitive laws, such as the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), are undermined when judicial delays extend timelines for corporate debt resolution.

  3. Infrastructure and Digital Divide

    • The eCourts Mission Mode Project has digitized parts of the system, but poor internet connectivity in rural areas and resistance to change among practitioners remain hurdles.

  4. Economic Ripple Effects

    • Judicial delays derail infrastructure and real estate projects, inflate costs, and feed into banking sector stress by prolonging non-performing assets.

    • Small businesses and marginalized citizens often lack resources to endure drawn-out proceedings, widening inequality.


Process Reforms: Building a Modern Judiciary

Experts suggest that judicial reform must combine process improvements with capacity expansion. Key priorities include:

  • Streamlined Procedures: Enforce strict limits on adjournments, introduce time-bound trials, and expand alternative dispute resolution (ADR) through mediation and arbitration.

  • Capacity Building: Fast-track judicial appointments and establish specialized commercial benches to handle economic disputes more efficiently.

  • Digitization Overhaul: Universalize e-filing, e-payments, and hybrid hearings, drawing lessons from pandemic-era virtual courts.

  • Performance Metrics: Adopt transparent evaluation systems to track case disposal rates, while protecting judicial independence.

If implemented effectively, such measures could reduce pendency by up to 50% within a decade, freeing resources for productive economic use.


Harnessing Technology: The Digital Leap

Technology is already reshaping India’s legal landscape:

  • The eCourts Phase III project enables online filing, case tracking, and video hearings.

  • Blockchain-based recordkeeping could provide tamper-proof evidence management.

  • Data analytics tools can prioritize urgent cases and identify systemic bottlenecks.

India’s challenge is not a lack of vision but the pace and scale of implementation.


The Role of AI: From Bureaucracy to Service Delivery

AI has the potential to recast the judiciary into a citizen-service model, marked by accessibility, predictability, and efficiency. Examples include:

  • Case Management and Prediction
    Tools like SUPACE (Supreme Court Portal for Assistance in Court Efficiency) analyze precedents and predict case trajectories, supporting faster decision-making.

  • Automation of Routine Work
    AI-driven natural language processing (NLP) systems can summarize case files, detect defects in filings, and automate legal research.

  • Enhanced Access for Citizens
    Chatbots can provide free legal guidance, while predictive analytics help litigants understand likely timelines—similar to tracking a delivery or service request.

  • Safeguards Against Bias
    Algorithms must be trained on diverse datasets and remain subject to judicial oversight to avoid replicating systemic prejudices.

Emerging startups like Adalat AI are already piloting such tools in district courts, cutting case preparation times and improving efficiency.


Sarvam AI and India’s Multilingual Challenge

India’s diversity poses a unique barrier: English dominates the courts, but over 90% of citizens are more comfortable in regional languages.

  • Sarvam AI, a Bengaluru-based sovereign AI startup, is developing Indic language models that could break this barrier.

  • These tools could translate documents, transcribe oral arguments, and allow litigants to argue cases in their own language, with real-time AI translation bridging the gap.

  • Such advances would align directly with Digital India’s inclusivity goals, making justice more democratic.


Revolutionizing Justice: Courts in Your Language, Orally

Imagine a litigant in Bihar presenting testimony in Bhojpuri, instantly transcribed and translated into English for the court, while judgments are delivered back in Bhojpuri.

Pilot projects in Delhi have already tested speech-to-text AI in hybrid courtrooms, converting testimonies into searchable records in real-time. With AI-driven oral interfaces, courts could function much like voice assistants—reducing paperwork, eliminating language barriers, and empowering citizens who are illiterate or from rural backgrounds.

This would transform courts from intimidating colonial institutions into inclusive service platforms.


Who Must Lead Reform?

Judicial reform requires a tripartite effort:

  • Judiciary: Must embrace AI guidelines and internal accountability measures.

  • Parliament: Needs to legislate procedural reforms and provide funding for digitization.

  • Executive: The Prime Minister’s Office, through initiatives like Digital India, can anchor reform through national commissions and pilot programs.

Yet judicial independence makes reforms politically delicate. The real test is whether the system can reform itself without compromising autonomy.


Conclusion: From Roadblock to Enabler

India’s judiciary is not doomed to be a roadblock; it is a neglected pillar that must now be modernized to match the country’s economic ambitions. As Sanjeev Sanyal warned, without bold reforms, Viksit Bharat could remain a dream deferred.

By embracing AI, digitization, and linguistic inclusivity, India can transform its judiciary into a fast, fair, and accessible institution—one that empowers citizens and fuels economic growth. Justice delayed need not remain justice denied; with vision and will, justice in India can finally become justice delivered.



न्यायपालिका: विकसित भारत की सबसे बड़ी रुकावट? चुनौतियाँ और एआई के साथ आगे का रास्ता

न्याय निर्माण 2025 सम्मेलन में प्रधानमंत्री की आर्थिक सलाहकार परिषद (EAC-PM) के सदस्य संजीव सान्याल ने एक साहसिक बयान दिया। उन्होंने कहा कि भारत की न्यायपालिका “विकसित भारत”—2047 तक विकसित राष्ट्र बनने के लक्ष्य—की राह में “सबसे बड़ी रुकावट” है। यह बयान गूंज उठा, क्योंकि इसने लंबे समय से चली आ रही उस हताशा को उजागर किया जो भारत की तेज़ आर्थिक प्रगति और न्यायपालिका की सुस्ती के बीच की खाई से उत्पन्न हुई है।

भारत की अर्थव्यवस्था जहाँ 7–8% वार्षिक वृद्धि की ओर बढ़ रही है, वहीं अदालतों की धीमी कार्यप्रणाली निवेश, विकास और सामाजिक न्याय पर भारी पड़ रही है। यह लेख न्यायपालिका की चुनौतियों का विश्लेषण करता है, सुधार की संभावनाओं की तलाश करता है, और दिखाता है कि कैसे कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता (एआई) न्याय को आम नागरिकों के लिए तेज़, सुलभ और भरोसेमंद सेवा में बदल सकती है।


संदर्भ: न्यायपालिका क्यों पिछड़ी हुई मानी जाती है?

भारत की अर्थव्यवस्था निर्माण, डिजिटल नवाचार और विदेशी निवेश से उभर रही है। लेकिन इसके अनुरूप विवादों का त्वरित निपटान न्यायपालिका नहीं कर पा रही।

  • 2024 की एक सरकारी रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, 200 अरब डॉलर मूल्य की संपत्तियाँ केवल कानूनी विलंब के कारण फँसी हुई हैं।

  • विश्व बैंक की Ease of Doing Business रैंकिंग में, अनुबंध प्रवर्तन (contract enforcement) में भारत का स्थान 190 देशों में से 163वाँ है। औसतन एक वाणिज्यिक विवाद निपटाने में 1,445 दिन लगते हैं।

  • इसके विपरीत, सिंगापुर में यह अवधि 200 दिन से कम है और चीन ने पहले ही डिजिटल अदालतों से प्रक्रियाएँ तेज़ कर ली हैं।

इस तरह भारत की तेज़ आर्थिक गति और न्यायिक सुस्ती का अंतर एक बड़ा अवरोध बन चुका है।


मुख्य चुनौतियाँ

भारत की अदालतों में 5.2 करोड़ से अधिक लंबित मामले हैं। मौजूदा गति से इन्हें निपटाने में सदियाँ लग जाएँगी। प्रमुख समस्याएँ हैं:

  1. मामलों का अंबार और रिक्तियाँ

    • निचली अदालतों में विशेष रूप से, 30% से अधिक न्यायिक पद खाली हैं।

    • बढ़ती जनसंख्या और अधिकारों के प्रति जागरूकता ने मुकदमों की संख्या और बढ़ा दी है।

  2. पुरानी प्रक्रियाएँ और अकुशलता

    • बार-बार स्थगन, कागज़ी कामकाज और औपनिवेशिक जमाने की प्रक्रियाएँ मामलों को खींचती हैं।

    • यहाँ तक कि दिवालियापन और शोधन अक्षमता संहिता (IBC) भी न्यायिक विलंब से प्रभावित होती है।

  3. बुनियादी ढाँचे और डिजिटल कमी

    • ई-कोर्ट्स परियोजना लागू है, लेकिन ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में इंटरनेट की कमी और बदलाव के प्रति हिचकिचाहट बाधा बनी हुई है।

  4. आर्थिक असर

    • अदालतों में लटके वाणिज्यिक विवाद बुनियादी ढाँचे और रियल एस्टेट प्रोजेक्ट्स में देरी कराते हैं, बैंकिंग क्षेत्र में फंसे कर्ज बढ़ाते हैं और एफडीआई को हतोत्साहित करते हैं।


प्रक्रिया सुधार: आधुनिक न्यायपालिका की ओर

सुधार के लिए बहुआयामी रणनीति आवश्यक है:

  • प्रक्रियाओं को सरल बनाना: समय-सीमा तय कर मुकदमों का निपटान, स्थगनों पर रोक, और मध्यस्थता व पंचाट जैसे वैकल्पिक विवाद समाधान (ADR) को बढ़ावा।

  • क्षमता निर्माण: न्यायाधीशों की नियुक्ति तेज़ी से, और आर्थिक मामलों के लिए विशेष पीठ की स्थापना।

  • डिजिटलीकरण: ई-फाइलिंग, वर्चुअल हियरिंग और ऑनलाइन भुगतान को सार्वभौमिक बनाना।

  • जवाबदेही: निपटाए गए मामलों की दर पर आधारित प्रदर्शन मूल्यांकन, न्यायिक स्वतंत्रता बनाए रखते हुए।

इन सुधारों से अगले दस वर्षों में लंबित मामलों में 50% तक कमी लाई जा सकती है।


तकनीक की भूमिका: डिजिटल छलांग

तकनीक न्यायपालिका को बोझिल व्यवस्था से दक्ष सेवा में बदल सकती है:

  • ई-कोर्ट्स फेज़ III ने ऑनलाइन फाइलिंग और वर्चुअल सुनवाई संभव बनाई है।

  • ब्लॉकचेन से सुरक्षित रिकार्ड रखरखाव और डेटा एनालिटिक्स से प्राथमिकता निर्धारण की संभावना है।

  • कोविड-19 के बाद करोड़ों सुनवाई ऑनलाइन हुईं, जिससे डिजिटल क्षमता की ताकत साबित हुई।


एआई की भूमिका: न्याय को सेवा जैसा बनाना

एआई न्यायपालिका को नागरिक-केंद्रित सेवा में बदल सकती है:

  • केस प्रबंधन और भविष्यवाणी: SUPACE जैसे उपकरण मामलों के पैटर्न का विश्लेषण कर तेज़ फैसले में मदद करते हैं।

  • रूटीन काम का स्वचालन: एआई आधारित नेचुरल लैंग्वेज प्रोसेसिंग (NLP) कानूनी शोध, दस्तावेज़ों का सारांश और फाइलिंग त्रुटियों की पहचान कर सकती है।

  • नागरिकों के लिए पहुँच: एआई चैटबॉट मुफ्त कानूनी सलाह दे सकते हैं और केस टाइमलाइन का अनुमान बता सकते हैं।

  • नैतिक सुरक्षा: एआई को विविध डेटा पर प्रशिक्षित कर, मानव निगरानी सुनिश्चित करनी होगी।

अदालत एआई जैसे स्टार्टअप ज़िला अदालतों में पहले ही काम कर रहे हैं और सुनवाई की गति बढ़ा रहे हैं।


सर्वम एआई और भारत की भाषाई चुनौती

भारत की अदालतों में अंग्रेज़ी का वर्चस्व है, जबकि 90% से अधिक नागरिक क्षेत्रीय भाषाओं में सहज हैं।

  • बेंगलुरु स्थित सर्वम एआई भारतीय भाषाओं के लिए एआई मॉडल विकसित कर रहा है।

  • ये उपकरण कानूनी दस्तावेज़ों का अनुवाद कर सकते हैं और क्षेत्रीय भाषाओं में सुनवाई संभव बना सकते हैं।

  • यह न्यायपालिका को वास्तव में बहुभाषी और समावेशी बना सकता है।


मौखिक और क्षेत्रीय भाषाओं में न्याय

कल्पना कीजिए—एक गवाह बिहार में भोजपुरी में बयान दे और एआई तुरंत उसका अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद कर अदालत में पेश करे, फिर निर्णय भोजपुरी में सुनाया जाए।

दिल्ली में स्पीच-टू-टेक्स्ट एआई के पायलट प्रोजेक्ट्स पहले ही गवाही को वास्तविक समय में टेक्स्ट में बदल रहे हैं। इससे ग्रामीण और अशिक्षित लोगों के लिए अदालतें उतनी ही सहज हो सकती हैं जितनी एक वॉयस असिस्टेंट का उपयोग।

यह न्याय को डरावनी संस्था से बदलकर नागरिक सेवा मंच बना देगा।


सुधार का नेतृत्व कौन करे?

  • न्यायपालिका: एआई गाइडलाइन्स अपनाए और आंतरिक जवाबदेही लाए।

  • संसद: प्रक्रियागत सुधारों और वित्तपोषण के लिए कानून बनाए।

  • कार्यपालिका: डिजिटल इंडिया जैसी पहल के तहत राष्ट्रीय न्यायिक सुधार आयोग जैसी संस्थाएँ बनाए।

न्यायिक स्वतंत्रता के कारण सुधारों का राजनीतिकरण जोखिमपूर्ण है, लेकिन त्रिपक्षीय सहयोग ही समाधान है।


निष्कर्ष: रुकावट से सहयोगी तक

भारत की न्यायपालिका नियति नहीं है—यह दशकों की उपेक्षा का परिणाम है। अब समय है इसे आधुनिक, डिजिटल और एआई-संचालित बनाने का।

संजीव सान्याल की चेतावनी गंभीर है: यदि सुधार नहीं हुआ, तो विकसित भारत 2047 केवल सपना बनकर रह जाएगा। लेकिन यदि भारत साहसिक कदम उठाए, तो न्यायपालिका न केवल बोझ हटाएगी बल्कि आर्थिक और सामाजिक प्रगति का मुख्य सक्षम स्तंभ बन जाएगी।




Digital Justice Worldwide: Lessons from Singapore, Estonia, and China for India’s Judicial Transformation

India’s ambition of achieving Viksit Bharat by 2047 depends not just on economic growth but also on a justice system capable of delivering timely, fair, and efficient outcomes. As policymakers and experts debate judicial reform, it is worth looking outward. Around the world, several countries have already deployed artificial intelligence (AI), digital courts, and process innovations to leapfrog inefficiencies that once paralyzed their systems. Singapore, Estonia, and China stand out as models whose experiences hold powerful lessons for India.


Singapore: The Gold Standard in Judicial Efficiency

Singapore consistently ranks at the top of global indices for contract enforcement and dispute resolution. Its judiciary is renowned for speed, predictability, and transparency.

  • Time-Bound Case Disposal: Commercial disputes in Singapore are often resolved within 150–200 days, compared to over 1,400 days in India.

  • eLitigation System: Since 2013, Singapore has operated a fully integrated eLitigation platform—allowing end-to-end electronic filing, case management, and virtual hearings.

  • AI Tools in Use: The judiciary uses AI-powered legal research systems and predictive tools to streamline routine tasks.

  • Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR): Mediation and arbitration are actively encouraged to reduce case loads in courts, supported by digital tools.

Lesson for India: Establishing time-bound mandates for certain case categories and a unified litigation platform would immediately boost efficiency.


Estonia: The Digital Pioneer

Estonia, a small Baltic nation, has become a global leader in e-governance—including justice.

  • Fully Digital Judiciary: Estonia’s e-Justice system integrates case filing, document sharing, and verdict delivery entirely online. Citizens can monitor their cases through secure digital IDs.

  • AI Judges for Small Claims: Estonia piloted AI “judges” for small claims disputes (under €7,000), using algorithms to suggest outcomes subject to human review.

  • Blockchain Security: Court data and case histories are secured with blockchain, ensuring tamper-proof, transparent records.

  • Citizen-Centric Access: Every citizen has the right to access their legal documents online at any time, creating unparalleled transparency.

Lesson for India: While AI “judges” may be politically sensitive, India could start with AI for small claims or traffic disputes, freeing human judges for complex matters.


China: Scaling Digital Courts Nationwide

China, facing a massive population and case backlog similar to India, has turned to AI and digital courts at scale.

  • Smart Courts Initiative: Launched in 2016, this integrates AI into judicial processes—automating case sorting, document verification, and evidence analysis.

  • Online Courts: In cities like Hangzhou, Shanghai, and Beijing, internet courts operate fully online for digital economy disputes (e-commerce, IP rights, fintech). Litigants file cases, attend hearings, and receive verdicts entirely online.

  • AI Assistants: Tools like “Xiao Zhi” analyze precedents and suggest draft judgments, reducing human workload.

  • Mass Adoption: By 2023, millions of cases had been processed by AI-assisted courts, slashing delays.

Lesson for India: With its own digital economy expanding rapidly, India could pilot online courts for e-commerce disputes and integrate AI in evidence management.


Why Global Models Matter for India

While India’s context—linguistic diversity, judicial independence, and federal structure—is unique, global benchmarks highlight possibilities:

  1. Singapore shows the value of strict timelines and ADR integration.

  2. Estonia demonstrates the power of full digital transparency and citizen-friendly systems.

  3. China proves that even the world’s largest populations can benefit from AI-driven, online courts at scale.


Charting India’s Path Forward

For India, the road to a modern judiciary could involve:

  • Dedicated Commercial and Digital Courts: Modeled on Singapore and China, with strict timelines.

  • e-Courts with Blockchain Security: Inspired by Estonia, ensuring trust and transparency.

  • AI for Routine and Small Cases: Beginning with traffic fines, consumer disputes, and small claims.

  • Multilingual AI Tools: Leveraging Indian startups like Sarvam AI to bridge language barriers.


Conclusion: From Roadblock to Global Leader

India has the advantage of learning from pioneers. By adopting best practices from Singapore, Estonia, and China—and tailoring them to its unique democratic and multilingual fabric—India could leapfrog directly into an AI-enabled justice era.

Judicial reform is not just about clearing backlogs; it is about ensuring that justice delivery becomes as swift, transparent, and accessible as other services in a modern economy. For Viksit Bharat 2047, the lesson is clear: digital justice is not optional—it is foundational.



डिजिटल न्याय विश्वभर: भारत के न्यायिक परिवर्तन के लिए सिंगापुर, एस्टोनिया और चीन से सबक

भारत की विकसित भारत 2047 की महत्वाकांक्षा केवल आर्थिक वृद्धि पर निर्भर नहीं है, बल्कि न्याय प्रणाली पर भी उतनी ही निर्भर है—जो समय पर, निष्पक्ष और कुशल न्याय देने में सक्षम हो। जब भारत में न्यायिक सुधार पर बहस हो रही है, तब अन्य देशों के अनुभवों से सीखना आवश्यक है। दुनिया के कई देशों ने पहले ही कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता (AI), डिजिटल अदालतों और प्रक्रिया सुधारों का इस्तेमाल करके अपनी पुरानी अक्षम व्यवस्थाओं को बदल दिया है। इस दिशा में सिंगापुर, एस्टोनिया और चीन प्रमुख उदाहरण हैं, जिनसे भारत बड़ी सीख ले सकता है।


सिंगापुर: दक्षता का स्वर्ण मानक

सिंगापुर न्यायिक दक्षता और पारदर्शिता के मामले में विश्व के शीर्ष देशों में गिना जाता है।

  • समय-सीमा में निपटान: व्यावसायिक विवाद प्रायः 150–200 दिनों में निपट जाते हैं, जबकि भारत में यह औसतन 1,400 दिन से अधिक है।

  • ई-लिटिगेशन प्रणाली: 2013 से पूरी तरह एकीकृत डिजिटल मुकदमा प्रणाली—फाइलिंग से लेकर सुनवाई तक सबकुछ ऑनलाइन।

  • AI का उपयोग: कानूनी शोध और नियमित कार्यों को सरल बनाने के लिए AI आधारित टूल्स।

  • वैकल्पिक विवाद समाधान (ADR): मध्यस्थता और पंचाट को सक्रिय रूप से बढ़ावा दिया जाता है।

भारत के लिए सबक: सख्त समय-सीमा और एकीकृत डिजिटल प्लेटफॉर्म भारत में तुरंत सुधार ला सकते हैं।


एस्टोनिया: डिजिटल शासन का अग्रदूत

छोटा देश एस्टोनिया ई-गवर्नेंस और ई-न्याय प्रणाली में विश्व का अग्रणी है।

  • पूरी तरह डिजिटल न्यायपालिका: ई-न्याय प्रणाली में फाइलिंग, दस्तावेज़ साझा करने से लेकर फैसला सुनाने तक सबकुछ ऑनलाइन।

  • AI न्यायाधीश पायलट: छोटे विवादों (7,000 यूरो से कम) के लिए AI प्रारंभिक निर्णय सुझाता है, जिसे बाद में मानव समीक्षा करते हैं।

  • ब्लॉकचेन सुरक्षा: अदालत के रेकॉर्ड और केस इतिहास को छेड़छाड़-मुक्त बनाने के लिए ब्लॉकचेन का उपयोग।

  • नागरिक-हितैषी पहुँच: प्रत्येक नागरिक को अपने कानूनी दस्तावेज़ ऑनलाइन jederzeit देखने का अधिकार है।

भारत के लिए सबक: छोटे विवादों या ट्रैफिक मामलों में AI का उपयोग करके न्यायाधीशों का बोझ कम किया जा सकता है।


चीन: डिजिटल अदालतों का विशाल विस्तार

भारत जैसी बड़ी आबादी और लंबित मामलों वाले चीन ने डिजिटल अदालतों और AI का बड़े पैमाने पर उपयोग किया है।

  • स्मार्ट कोर्ट्स पहल: 2016 से, केस छँटाई, दस्तावेज़ सत्यापन और साक्ष्य विश्लेषण में AI का प्रयोग।

  • ऑनलाइन अदालतें: हांगझोउ, शंघाई और बीजिंग में इंटरनेट अदालतें जहाँ ई-कॉमर्स, बौद्धिक संपदा और फिनटेक विवाद पूरी तरह ऑनलाइन चलते हैं।

  • AI सहायक: “Xiao Zhi” जैसे टूल्स कानूनी मिसालों का विश्लेषण कर प्रारंभिक निर्णय का सुझाव देते हैं।

  • व्यापक उपयोग: 2023 तक लाखों मामले AI-सहायता प्राप्त अदालतों में निपटाए जा चुके हैं।

भारत के लिए सबक: भारत अपने तेजी से बढ़ते डिजिटल अर्थतंत्र के लिए ई-कॉमर्स विवादों के लिए ऑनलाइन अदालतें शुरू कर सकता है।


भारत के लिए वैश्विक मॉडल क्यों ज़रूरी?

भारत का परिदृश्य—बहुभाषिकता, संघीय ढाँचा और न्यायिक स्वतंत्रता—अलग है। लेकिन:

  1. सिंगापुर ने कड़ी समय-सीमा और ADR का महत्व दिखाया।

  2. एस्टोनिया ने पारदर्शिता और डिजिटल पहुँच को प्राथमिकता दी।

  3. चीन ने साबित किया कि बड़ी आबादी में भी AI और ऑनलाइन अदालतों का सफल उपयोग संभव है।


भारत का रास्ता

भारत सुधार की दिशा में ये कदम उठा सकता है:

  • विशेष व्यावसायिक और डिजिटल अदालतें: सिंगापुर और चीन के मॉडल पर।

  • ब्लॉकचेन-आधारित ई-कोर्ट्स: एस्टोनिया की तरह सुरक्षित और पारदर्शी।

  • छोटे मामलों में AI: ट्रैफिक, उपभोक्ता विवाद, छोटे दावे।

  • बहुभाषी AI टूल्स: Sarvam AI जैसे स्टार्टअप के जरिए भाषा की बाधा हटाना।


निष्कर्ष: अवरोध से वैश्विक नेता तक

भारत के पास अवसर है—दूसरों के सिद्ध अनुभवों से सीखने का। यदि भारत सिंगापुर, एस्टोनिया और चीन की श्रेष्ठ प्रथाओं को अपने लोकतांत्रिक और बहुभाषिक ढाँचे के अनुसार ढाल ले, तो वह सीधे AI-सक्षम न्याय युग में प्रवेश कर सकता है।

न्यायिक सुधार केवल लंबित मामलों को घटाने तक सीमित नहीं है। यह न्याय को भी आधुनिक सेवाओं की तरह तेज़, पारदर्शी और सुलभ बनाने का प्रश्न है।

विकसित भारत 2047 के लिए संदेश स्पष्ट है: डिजिटल न्याय विकल्प नहीं—आवश्यकता है।





Comparative Snapshot: Digital Justice Across Nations

Metric / Country Singapore Estonia China India
Average Case Duration (Commercial Disputes) ~150–200 days ~200–250 days (small claims often <100 days) ~250–300 days (in online courts) ~1,445 days (over 4 years)
AI Adoption Stage Legal research, predictive tools, e-litigation integration AI “judges” piloted for small claims; AI-assisted filings AI assistants (e.g., Xiao Zhi) draft judgments; widespread AI in evidence analysis Early pilots (SUPACE in Supreme Court, Adalat AI in district courts)
Digital Court Coverage Nationwide integrated eLitigation system Entire judiciary online via e-Justice system Dedicated Internet Courts in major cities (Hangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing) eCourts Mission Mode Project (Phase III), partial adoption across states
Citizen Accessibility Online filing and tracking for all; ADR integration; highly user-friendly Full online access to case files with secure digital ID; blockchain-secured records Citizens can file, attend, and receive judgments entirely online for digital disputes Limited e-filing; virtual hearings in higher courts; digital divide in rural areas
Global Ranking (Contract Enforcement, World Bank Doing Business) Top 5 globally Top 20 globally ~50–60 range 163rd out of 190 countries
Key Strength Speed, predictability, and ADR efficiency Transparency, digital access, blockchain security Scale of AI and online dispute resolution Large democracy, multilingual inclusion potential
Key Challenge High cost of legal services Limited resources (small country, limited caseload) Concerns about fairness, judicial independence Massive backlog (52 million+ cases), vacancies, infrastructure gaps

👉 This table highlights how India lags on speed, accessibility, and digital coverage, but also where it could leapfrog directly by adopting AI and multilingual digital tools at scale.




तुलनात्मक झलक: विभिन्न देशों में डिजिटल न्याय

मापदंड / देश सिंगापुर एस्टोनिया चीन भारत
औसत केस निपटान समय (व्यावसायिक विवाद) ~150–200 दिन ~200–250 दिन (छोटे दावे अक्सर <100 दिन) ~250–300 दिन (ऑनलाइन अदालतों में) ~1,445 दिन (4 साल से अधिक)
एआई अपनाने का स्तर कानूनी शोध, भविष्यवाणी उपकरण, ई-लिटिगेशन इंटीग्रेशन छोटे दावों के लिए एआई “न्यायाधीश” पायलट; एआई-सहायता प्राप्त फाइलिंग एआई सहायक (जैसे, Xiao Zhi) प्रारंभिक फैसले का मसौदा तैयार करते हैं; सबूत विश्लेषण में व्यापक उपयोग शुरुआती पायलट (SUPACE सुप्रीम कोर्ट में, Adalat AI जिला अदालतों में)
डिजिटल अदालत कवरेज पूरे देश में एकीकृत eLitigation प्रणाली संपूर्ण न्यायपालिका ऑनलाइन e-Justice प्रणाली से प्रमुख शहरों (हांगझोउ, शंघाई, बीजिंग) में समर्पित इंटरनेट अदालतें eCourts Mission Mode Project (Phase III), राज्यों में आंशिक अपनाव
नागरिक पहुँच सभी के लिए ऑनलाइन फाइलिंग और ट्रैकिंग; ADR इंटीग्रेशन; अत्यंत उपयोगकर्ता-हितैषी डिजिटल ID से केस फाइलों की पूरी ऑनलाइन पहुँच; ब्लॉकचेन-सुरक्षित रेकॉर्ड नागरिक ई-कॉमर्स व अन्य डिजिटल विवादों के लिए पूरी तरह ऑनलाइन केस दाखिल, सुनवाई और फैसला प्राप्त कर सकते हैं सीमित ई-फाइलिंग; उच्च अदालतों में वर्चुअल सुनवाई; ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में डिजिटल विभाजन
वैश्विक रैंकिंग (अनुबंध प्रवर्तन, World Bank Doing Business) विश्व में शीर्ष 5 विश्व में शीर्ष 20 ~50–60 श्रेणी 190 देशों में से 163वाँ
मुख्य ताकत गति, पूर्वानुमानितता, ADR दक्षता पारदर्शिता, डिजिटल पहुँच, ब्लॉकचेन सुरक्षा एआई और ऑनलाइन विवाद समाधान का बड़े पैमाने पर प्रयोग लोकतांत्रिक ढाँचा, बहुभाषिक समावेशन की क्षमता
मुख्य चुनौती कानूनी सेवाओं की ऊँची लागत सीमित संसाधन (छोटा देश, सीमित केस लोड) निष्पक्षता और न्यायिक स्वतंत्रता पर सवाल विशाल बैकलॉग (5.2 करोड़+ मामले), रिक्त पद, अवसंरचना की कमी

👉 यह तालिका दिखाती है कि भारत गति, पहुँच और डिजिटल कवरेज में काफी पीछे है, लेकिन साथ ही यह भी स्पष्ट करती है कि भारत एआई और बहुभाषी डिजिटल टूल्स अपनाकर सीधे भविष्य की ओर छलांग लगा सकता है।


Saturday, April 26, 2008

The Working Class Are Hurt By Special Interests And Lobbyists' Money


I think it is bizarre that the media is portraying Obama as elitist and Clinton as the candidate for the working class. I do not see the logic.


Obama Clinton
Personal Wealth Made $4 Million From Books Made $100 Million From Husband's Speeches To Big, Fat Companies
Definition Of Middle Class Middle Class People Who Make $250,000 A Year
Where Power Rests With The People Who Donate $25, $50, $100 A Pluck, Does Not Take Money From Lobbyists Number One Recipient Of Money From Lobbyists In Either Party
Political Style New, Positive, Uplifting, Uniting Slash And Burn, 1990s Style

Obama is more likely to deliver on education and health care. He is more likely to bring the gas price down by ending the gouging going on by the oil companies. He is the one who will tame the mortgage industry now known for predatory lending. Why? Because he will answer to the people and the people alone.

The Responsibility Of The Superdelegates

Not all remaining superdelegates have to fall for my guy, but all must cast their preference one way or the other by the time the final primary/caucus is held. The party must have its nominee by then. Otherwise it will be like gifting all of summer to McCain. Summer is when the flesh pressing happens. Don't deprive the nominee of that.

We give Barack all summer and he will give us a 60 strong majority in the Senate. I think that is a bargain. What do you think?

The superdelegates are political professionals. They don't need more time. They know the candidates better than most of the rest of us. They don't get to have more time. They don't get to wait until the convention.







In The News

In Black Voices, a Range of Views in Police Verdict New York Times
Bell's fiancee: 'They killed Sean all over again' CNN
GOP Now Sees Obama as Liability for Ticket
New York Times
Wesley Snipes Gets 3 Years for Not Filing Tax Returns New York Times
Obama making plans to attract voters and money for November Boston Globe Yesterday, his campaign announced "Vote for Change," what it described as an unprecedented 50-state voter registration and mobilization drive. The effort will start with at least 83 events across the country on May 10 and has already launched a website. .... Obama has won the overwhelming majority of new voters in primaries and caucuses. ...... setting up a joint fund-raising committee with the Democratic National Committee, an arrangement that allows donors to write one check to be divided between the candidate and the national party ...... The contribution limit is $28,500, compared to $2,300 for the general election for donations directly to a candidate. ........ Obama has picked up 83 percent of the superdelegate endorsements since Super Tuesday on Feb. 5, narrowing Clinton's superdelegate lead to 259-236. ...... Huckabee, popular with social conservatives, has been mentioned as a potential running mate for McCain ....... "black people are incensed" over Clinton's "bizarre" behavior.
Obama wins the "World Primary" Seattle Times King of the World ..... people from Pakistan to Venezuela to Iraq are immensely affected by the economic, as well as political, decisions of the president of the United States ..... a recent trip abroad convinced me that, as of this moment, Barack Obama would win a World Primary, hands down. ...... his eight years of personal flaws and policy indecisions ...... the New Frontier candidate of the 21st century. ...... an Obama presidency would offer the idealism of a Woodrow Wilson and the youthful vigor of a John Kennedy — absent the peevish arrogance of George W. Bush or the embarrassing personal peccadilloes of an all-too-human Bill Clinton. ....... Many Africans would of course toast the development to the heavens; many Muslims would find considerable comfort in the election of a Christian who nonetheless has the middle name of Hussein. In Asia, the now-surging continent of ever-increasing optimism, Obama would be hailed as opening a new chapter in a more nuanced, sensitive and cosmopolitan U.S. foreign policy. ....... Obama's election would prove so enormously electric that perhaps as much as 50 percent of global anti-Americanism could dissipate virtually overnight. ...... the Democrats in general (and the Hillary Clinton campaign in particular) would do everyone a favor if they were to unite around the man who lived briefly in Indonesia, much longer than in Hawaii, and who continually gives the world the impression of the United States of America no longer as the same old, tired self.
Upcoming Contests to Test Dems’ Working-Class Appeal FOXNews
New poll shows a dead heat in state between Clinton, Barack Obama CNN Obama is tied with Clinton at 45 percent, with 10 percent of respondents unsure ...... All polls include interviews conducted after the Pennsylvania primary, which Clinton won Tuesday by about 55 percent to 45 percent. ..... Clinton easily wins among senior citizens and women ...... oughly two-thirds of people in a separate survey done by the Pew Research Center said the race has gone on "too long." ...... the closest race in a generation ...... The May 6 contests have 187 combined delegates at stake. ...... African-Americans, young voters, upscale whites and independent voters. ....... Nancy Pelosi, D-California, made it clear Thursday that she thinks Clinton and Obama shouldn't run on a joint ticket this fall.
At Indiana Rally, Clinton Plays Up Midwestern Values CBS News
Should Clinton play the gender card? Globe and Mail
Clinton Sidesteps Questions About Staying in the Race Washington Post hinted yesterday that she might reconsider the state of her campaign if she loses in Indiana. ....... Obama holds a double-digit lead in some North Carolina polls ..... About twenty-five percent of the state gets media from Chicago
Amid Clinton-Obama struggle, Americans see campaign as too negative Los Angeles Times Too long? Too long? We're not even three-quarters of the way through this 23-month, $2-billion extravaganza.


Saturday, October 06, 2007

How Many Of Hillary's Millions Are Lobbyist And Special Interest Money?


Hillary and Barack are both at 70 plus million dollars each with Barack edging her out by a few million dollars. Hillary has made it absolutely clear, Hsu or no Hsu, that she is going to take insider money. Yes, she will take money from lobbyists, from special interests.

In so doing, she propagates two myths.

One, the lobbyists represent real people. An oil company lobbyist might represent the oil company, but that oil company hires "real people." That is her circuitous argument. Why did we not think of this before we made the McCain-Feingold mistake a few years ago?

Two, she takes money from them, but she is not beholden to them.

Both the myths fly in the face of reality.

If corporations felt that their interests and the interests of the American people at large were in complete sync, they would not hire lobbyists in the first place. They would let the public servants responding to voters do the good work of policy making.

Corporations giving money out to politicians are not in the charity business. They have very specific agendas. You don't have to go any further than Hillary's health care plan to see how corporate lobbying money influences agenda.

Hillary's health care plan is a sellout to the insurance industry. One, those with existing coverage get to continue that way: the status quo remains. Then she figures out ways to give those insurance companies more customers by making it illegal to not have insurance. And if you can't afford it, the government will help you pay for it. In essence, she wants the insurance companies to have more of public and private money.

How is that any different from Dick Cheney's oil pals increasing gas prices?

On Iraq Hillary's judgment lapse was to go with the establishment. On health care she is giving a repeat performance.

Tackling health care necessarily requires changing the way the insurance companies do business. If the sector were driven by market forces, it would be at the cutting edge of adopting information technology. It is not. There is no talk in Hillary's plan as to how she will do that injecting so as to bring the costs down across the board. She hopes costs will come down. Well.

Like someone said, there are only two groups of Americans that need to worry about Hillary's health care plan: the healthy and the sick.

In The News

Musharraf Wins Vote in Pakistan; Court to Weigh Bid New York Times The lawyers movement, which has opposed General Musharraf’s eight years of military rule on constitutional grounds, and all the main opposition parties, are backing the legal challenges. ....... Musharraf for his promotion of women. ...... and attacking an armored police vehicle with sticks after it ran over the feet of two senior lawyers. ........ Some 80 members of opposition parties resigned their parliament seats ... but Ms. Bhutto’s party, which has been negotiating a power sharing deal with General Musharraf, chose only to abstain from the vote, preventing an attempt to declare the vote invalid. ....... Coming just a day after successfully negotiating an amnesty bill with the government that will allow Ms. Bhutto to return to Pakistan later this month to contest parliamentary elections, her party’s protest appeared as a token protest.
Pakistan's Musharraf Sweeps Election Washington Post has promised to give up his powerful army post if he wins the election and restore civilian rule. ...... The Supreme Court may be reluctant to overturn Musharraf's victory in the ballot. ...... On Friday, he signed into law an amnesty quashing corruption charges against her and other politicians.
New term for Musharraf — almost Los Angeles Times
Kim Jong-il: Internet Expert
DailyTech “I'm an Internet expert too. It's all right to wire the industrial zone only, but there are many problems if other regions of the North are wired.” ...... North Korea explicitly prohibits its 23 million citizens from accessing the Internet and mobile phones outside of government research groups. South Korea, by comparison, is one of the world's most digitally connected countries. ....... Satellite photographs of North Korea at night reveal very few lights, indicating the country does not have a very high capacity for electricity, let alone computers or Internet. ...... What is known, is that Kim and the ruling party has a definitive taste for all things Western. Kim's son, Jong-nam, was arrested and expelled from Japan while trying to enter Disney Land in 2001. Late last year, the U.S. imposed a ban on all luxuries originating from the U.S. destined for North Korea, including the Great Leader's beloved iPods.
Brown calls for more EU sanctions on Myanmar Reuters "And we have very grave concerns about hundreds, possibly thousands, of monks, nuns and others who have simply disappeared."
Are Clinton, Obama, Edwards All The Same? CBS News she is militaristic and ultranationalistic; she would carry on Bush's policy of a long-term occupation of Iraq, define foreign policy around the "war on terror," support the hard-liners in Israel and promote the centrist-Democratic, left-smashing ideology of the DLC. ......... the strong, experienced woman; the black (but not too black) inspirer of hope; the hands-on economic populist crusader. ........ her health care plan .. a gift to the insurance industry. ....... my colleague Laura Flanders wrote that an Obama campaign rally in New York City was buzzing with progressive energy .......... followed Edwards in supporting the global abolition of nuclear weapons (a position originally put forward by Ronald Reagan, and now by Henry Kissinger, Sam Nunn and George Shultz .............. nearly three in ten Americans are poor or near-poor ..... Clinton is notoriously unapologetic about receiving large donations from wealthy interests. ........ Obama, not antipoverty Edwards, has the progressive halo ......... there are still nearly four endless months to slog through ....... the disaster that is the war on drugs .... call for free college education
Obama's Judgment CBS News the latest shot in Obama's continuing campaign to highlight judgment as his key virtue ....... judgment and temperament are the most important qualities I look for.
UN chief 'disappointed' by Nepal elections delay AFP
Arroyo back Saturday night from India
Inquirer.net President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo was to return to Manila Saturday night after obtaining about US$2 billion in new investments from Indian companies. ....... a two-nation swing that also took her to China. China and India are among the fastest-growing economies in the world. ....... a new middle class of half a billion people, [India's] internal market demand and domestic consumption ....... the $1.6 billion new investment of Ispat Industries Ltd ...... Global Steel of Mittal ...... She later told reporters that steel magnate Lakshmi N. Mittal personally called her up to confirm the new investment. ....... the importation of cheaper medicines, expansion of business process outsourcing and call centers in the Philippines, deals on renewable energy and health care, and cooperation in fighting terrorism. ....... the President visited Mumbai, India's business hub, where she invited Indian pharmaceutical companies to set up plants in the Philippines to help cut the price of medicines by half.
Philippines, India agree to cooperate on trade, terrorism AFP
Shiite power brokers agree to end bloodshed in Iraq
International Herald Tribune Radical Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr and Abdul-Aziz al-Hakim, leader of the largest Shiite political party, the Supreme Islamic Iraqi Council ......... al-Sadr announced a "freeze" of his militia activities for up to six months to allow for its restructuring.
Tiny start-up rival to Google? San Jose Mercury News the nightmare of any Silicon Valley CEO: The thought that a smart kid in a messy garage in Silicon Valley is right now developing technology that will make his company's products obsolete. ....... the firm's promising new search technology ...... contrary to stereotype, the extremely powerful software code was actually developed by a 54-year-old German mathematician working in a spick-and-span office near the University of Munich. ........ Thomas Nitsche's program matches Web pages with relevant advertising. ...... While Google looks at the words on a Web page, Proximic looks for patterns of characters. That means Proximic's approach is completely language-independent, so it works as well with German and Chinese as it does with English. ........ this makes Proximic ideal for the random spew of user-generated content posted daily on blogs and social-networking sites around the Web, material that often gets the better of Google's algorithms. ......... has the potential of being a game changer ...... Proximic raised $4.5 million in its first round of founding ....... he has tested Proximic and Google AdSense and that Proximic had so far come out ahead. "The matching seems to be of a very high quality" ....... A world microcomputer chess champion in 1984, Nitsche drew on that experience during the five years he spent writing Proximic's matching engine. In programming a computer to play chess, Nitsche also learned, by necessity, to write very efficient programs. The computers he was using had only about 5 kilobytes of memory. He said Proximic's core technology amounts to less than one megabyte of software code. ........ Nitsche and Pieper first met in 2001, at a party thrown by Pieper's sister, Loretta Wurtenberger, founder of Webmiles, a travel-loyalty program that was acquired by Bertelsmann. ......... At the time of the party, Nitsche was developing big trading systems for banks. Pieper had a start-up that focused on electronic data interchange. Pieper chatted with Nitsche about a technical problem he was having. Nitsche proposed a solution. "The next day we went off and started a company," Pieper said. ....... Polished and debonair, Pieper embraced the business side while Nitsche, straight-spoken and tweed-wearing, reveled in the abstract math. Uncomfortable in English, Nitsche frequently lets Pieper do the talking. ...... Nitsche worked alone the first few years in Bauhaus-style offices furnished through purchases on eBay. "It was a very hard time," he recalled. Pieper would join Nitsche nights and weekends, helping to hash out core algorithms. ........ Proximic, with its slender string of code and 14 employees, does not imagine itself slaying the Google Goliath. But he is hoping to do business with a number of Google competitors, and he promises Proximic will be making some major announcements soon
Pipex cries Freedom4 WiMax VNUNet.com Freedom4 has been given a national licence to deploy WiMax services in the 3.6GHz band, and will work with businesses and local authorities to build the necessary infrastructure to provide broadband wireless internet access across the UK. ....... symmetrical upload and download speeds of up to 8Mbps ....... Over half of those customers who took part in the trials saw the most benefit in the and ease of connectionfast speed, while 20 per cent were most impressed by the fully wireless nature of WiMax.
WiMax threatens to disrupt 4G strategies mobile operators and other service providers are planning mobile WiMax networks all over the world, mainly in the 2.5GHz and 3.5GHz bands. ........ forecasts "substantial numbers" of WiMax subscribers worldwide, more than 95 million using customer premises equipment devices by 2012, and almost 200 million using mobile devices, with some overlap between the two. ....... major semiconductor and equipment makers, with the exception of Qualcomm and Ericsson, are staking out their positions for this emerging sector, while operator enthusiasm, led by Sprint and Clearwire in the US, is rising sharply.
Mobile broadband users to pass 1bn by 2012 say analysts $400bn ..... driven by demand from North America, Western Europe and to a lesser extent by the Far East and China. .... the uptake of mobile broadband will hinge heavily on the availability of suitable devices, be they handsets, laptops, datacards, or other types of device such as media players and handheld gaming consoles. ......... Evolution-Data Optimised (EV-DO) technology, which is a standard for the wireless transmission of data using radio signals, will be the next most prolific technology driven by extensive penetration of the Americas and Far East.
Mobile broadband facing a revolution Only a third of the world's population is connected to a cellular network ........ mobile WiMax will initially target the ultra mobile PC or tablet markets rather than the mobile smartphone market. ....... xMax will potentially enable service providers to promote unlimited local and long distant voice calls as well as unlimited text messages at very low monthly prices.
Global demand for mobile data services soars Global mobile data revenues from services other than SMS exceeded $10bn in the first quarter of 2007 ....... Worldwide SMS traffic was up year-on-year by around 50 per cent to more than 620 billion messages in the first quarter of 2007.
Mainstream global mobile video 'years away' mobile handsets are only one way to receive mobile video services, and that PCs, portable media players, navigation systems and other devices are all in the mix. ........ broadcast, premium and pay-per-view TV, as well as on-demand video.
Chinese telecoms operators gear up for 3G different billing models, such as traffic-based, monthly and content-based billing, to cover voice, short message and Wap services.
Mobile email will eventually kill SMS say analysts a fifth of all email will be wireless by 2010 ......... expects wireless email to reach commodity status by 2012. ..... around 114 million text messages are currently sent every day ..... "By 2012, wireless email products will be fully interoperable, commoditised and have standard features. They will be shipping in larger volumes at greatly reduced prices." ...... A longer term trend that will accompany wireless email adoption is convergence, as users choose a single tool to help simplify communication. ..... hiding technology complexity from users and allowing them to focus on messaging content. ......... provide real-time communications for their expanding mobile workforce.
Cisco identifies mobile working psyche Many businesses are in danger of bungling mobile working initiatives through poor management, a failure to communicate adequately and the recruitment of " inappropriate personalities" ........ Mobile workers will account for a quarter of the world's working population by 2009 ....... the dominant personality characteristics of effective mobile workers and the cultural influences on mobile working. ...... "Managers must not fall into the trap of treating mobile workers in the same way as office-based employees. ....... the best mobile workers as self-motivated, resilient, extrovert and independent ........ Stimulation Seeker: extroverted, motivated by contact with people ... Tough Survivors: emotionally stable, low levels of neuroticism, resilient under pressure ... Curious Explorers: creative, open to new ideas, enjoys variety of experience ... Independent Decision Makers: maintains independent mindset, appreciates being trusted to work without supervision ... Disciplined Achievers: conscientious and self-motivated ...... Trust and communication are vital to ensuring that mobile teams remain motivated and productive ....... emphasise deliverables rather than activities ........... offer a range of options to workers based on a wide variety of factors, rather than a blanket approach that may suit only a small percentage.
Cisco wants peace with Microsoft Cisco chief John Chambers believes that a clash with Microsoft may be inevitable ...... both companies are expanding into each other's turf ...... companies often have a poor track record in combined cooperation and competition. ...... Microsoft is currently pushing into the unified communications market, where Cisco has been playing for a long time with its IP telephones. Unified communications allow users to route messages across several technologies such as instant messaging, telephone and email.
Cisco Reinvents The Corporate Incubator innovate the innovation process ....... creating
start-up-like innovation inside a billion dollar corporation. ....... created an emerging technology business group last year that looks for new ideas that have the potential to turn into a $1bn market within five years. Its target is to yield 20 new ventures by 2012. ......... Nearly 18 months after the initial launch, an internal Cisco wiki has already yielded 400 ideas for new businesses. ......... Company incubators have a poor track record in delivering actual business results ..... Innovators and entrepreneurs tend to suffocate when they work for large corporations, and executives often prove less supportive when incubators start creating products that threaten the firm's core business and profit margins. .......... core business of routing and switching ....... a compromise between the uncertainty and excitement of a start-up and the security of a large corporation.
Cisco sets course for Data Centre 3.0 has started to unify its network application services into a new enterprise data centre platform, promising increased server utilisation. ....... Cisco considers the mainframe era as data centre 1.0, and the current client-server model as data centre 2.0. Data centre 3.0 combines the company's ideas for using the network to manage data with the rise of virtualisation technology. ......... "moving from a box mentality to an architecture mentality". ........ able to identify when a service or application suffers from peak demand and dynamically add additional server resources. ...... installation of the operating system, middleware and applications. .... several other products under the Data Centre 3.0 banner, including the Transted Wan optimisation software, which encrypts key data on the network to ensure integrity, and an XML gateway for securing web services. ..... Data Centre 3.0 will lay the foundation for new services and technology that will drive a new wave of business efficiencies and revenue growth. ........ By enabling collaboration across departments and between companies, these innovations will dwarf the economic growth achieved during the first wave of internet adoption during the 1990s ...... the increased communications as the true web 2.0 ...... "The next wave of productivity is not about personalisation, it is about collaboration" ....... "Collaboration is nothing more than working together towards a common set of goals. Web 2.0 enables communication."
Cisco to step up telepresence push a $299,000 advanced video conferencing system that uses three high definition televisions and requires a 10Mbps connection. ......... Analysts have cited the $299,000 price tag as an obstacle to wide adoption. But Chambers claimed that savings in travel expenses mean that the systems offer a return on investment in less than a year. "Price is not an issue. This is about process change"
One mobile phone is never enough more people choosing to own a second or third subscription. ...... the price per minute for traditional mobile voice services declines.
Vodafone joins the WiMAX forum other key industry bodies such as the GSMA, 3GPP and the Next Generation Mobile Network initiative ...... "The prospects for WiMAX to play an important role in the future development of mobile are better in those parts of the world where large numbers of people do not yet have access to telecoms or the internet" ...... joining the WiMAX Forum just seems like an obviously sensible thing for Vodafone to do ....... The WiMAX Forum is an industry-led non-profit organisation that now comprises more than 470 companies including 141 operators worldwide, and although mobile WiMAX is less mature than 3G LTE at present, it is being strongly touted as the future of wireless data transmission due to its faster speeds and longer range.
Korea to open up telecoms markets so-called mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs), which rent bandwidth on mobile infrastructure to run their own distinct mobile voice and date networks. ....... Korea's government has hitherto tended to stage-manage competition in the country's telecoms markets.
$4,000 phone bill for porn leads to suicide A Korean teenager committed suicide after running up a $4,000 bill viewing pornography on his mobile phone ...... the mobile-crazy nation. ...... The country has 40.2 million mobile phone subscribers out of a population of almost 49 million.
Mobile porn set to explode over next five years
Korea becoming a nation of phone junkies Addicted teens suffer stress and hallucinations ....... they sometimes imagine hearing them ringing when they are not. ...... Forty per cent send over 1,000 text messages every month ....... a fifth refused to be parted from their phones even while bathing. ..... Almost 80 per cent of the country's 48 million people have mobile phones ...... Among teenagers, owning a mobile phone is seen as essential to having a normal social life
Chinese teens go crackers over web porn
South Korean hackers declare war on US
Fixed voice disappearing rapidly in EU says analyst fixed voice is going to suffer not the slow and lingering decline many have predicted, but a rather rapid one ........ 90 per cent of all voice minutes in Finland will originate on mobile phones by 2008
Mobile payments to generate $22bn by 2011
Firms prepare for mobile VoIP Seven out of 10 global businesses expect to be using VoIP regularly on mobile devices over the next two years
Wi-Fi world record set at 304km The link extended from Sardinia to central Italy and achieved data rates of about 5Mbps. ....... "After successfully interconnecting the whole Italian country with analogue FM repeaters, we would like to realise a new wide-band digital network to connect all Italian ham radio users to each other and to other services such as Echolink, ATV and Dstar"
Wireless standards battle looming
Video networking drives 802.11n adoption
Early Adoption Of Mobile WiMax Gets Underway InformationWeek Razzolink's main target has been rural subscribers who can't get or don't want DSL or cable. ....... setting up a new customer is as simple as delivering a modem and "flipping up the antenna." On rare occasions, an antenna is placed on a subscriber's roof. ...... "over-the-air software upgrade" ..... Navini has supplied its Ripwave MX product line to 70 networks on six continents. The largest is Unwired Australia, a 70,000-subscriber deployment in Sydney and Melbourne.
Bachchan to endorse Dabur's Chyawan Jr Business of Cinema
A Big Loss at Merrill Stirs Unease
New York Times leaner and more disciplined. ...... would write down $5 billion primarily in its fixed-income sector: subprime loans, complex debt instruments and leveraged, or risky, loans. ......... The size of the write-down was second only to one for $5.9 billion taken by Citigroup, which is three and a half times the size of Merrill. ....... “While market conditions were extremely difficult and the degree of sustained dislocation unprecedented, we are disappointed in our performance in structured finance and mortgages” ........ UBS has announced a $3.4 billion write-down, and Deutsche Bank, $3.1 billion. ........ expected JPMorgan Chase to write down about $2 billion, and the Bank of America Corporation about $1 billion. ....... Investors reacted by pushing up the stock, relieved that Merrill had provided information about its problems and a belief that the worst was over. Shares rose $1.89, to $76.67. .......... When Wall Street started making big returns on everything from proprietary trading to new and creative ways of reselling the home mortgages, Merrill charged in headfirst.
End Of An African Nightmare what until recently was a horrible war zone, but is now a place of hope .......... Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, the first woman elected head of state in Africa ...... the 14-year civil war had killed 270,000 people – an astonishing one out of every twelve Liberians – and forced another 250,000 to become refugees. ...... The economy had completely collapsed, with GDP falling by more than 90 percent between 1989 and 1996, one of the largest collapses ever recorded anywhere in the world. ....... United Nations peacekeepers put an end to the conflict in 2003. Taylor first went into exile in Nigeria and is now in The Hague facing war crimes charges ........ rebuilding institutions, restoring basic services, reviving the economy and beginning to heal the deep wounds of war. ...... the resolution of its massive foreign debt. ....... electricity and water are being restored (there was no piped water or electricity except generators anywhere in the country for 14 years) ......... there are a small number of people that profited handsomely from the conflict and seem prepared to do anything to regain power. ...... 14,000 U.N. peacekeepers ...... The major creditors all have pledged to forgive Liberia’s debts, but the process is stuck at the IMF, where the Board has been debating for a full year how to share the costs of the write-off. ........ I hate to be a sexist, but maybe we ought to put more women in charge in tough places around the world.
Vatican buys soccer club News24
Study of US child health takes big step forward Reuters
They Call Him the Fixer in a World That’sa Mess New York Times create a singularly contemporary screen identity as a man of unquiet conscience. ....... that rarefied gray zone where the barely legal meets the almost criminal and takes lunch at the private club ...... A Lady Macbeth in pumps and discreet pearls, Karen has pledged her troth to her corporate masters instead of a murderous husband. She’s a cliché — brittle, sexless, friendless, cheerless and all the rest — but what makes her work is her unnerving banality, visible in the blank canvas of a face that looks untouched by gentleness or empathy. This is a pitiful creature, as unloved by her writer-director creator as by the genius actress who plays her. .......... the legal thriller ...... an unexpectedly tender moment when Michael stares into a new morning in a country field without uttering a single word .......... the film feels truest when Michael is grappling with his contradictions. ........ a grimmer, compromised version of Erin Brockovich ...... a different country, one in which the media fail, capitalism kills and heroes stumble ....... We need George Clooney, just as we needed Warren Beatty — seducer of heavy hearts and troubled minds, the beautiful bearer of our very bad tidings.

Video: New York City For Barack Obama 7