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Showing posts with label Burkina Faso. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Burkina Faso. Show all posts

Monday, July 21, 2025

A New Voice for African Sovereignty: The Rise of Captain Ibrahim Traoré

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A New Voice for African Sovereignty: The Rise of Captain Ibrahim Traoré

In a world overwhelmed by soundbites and sensationalism, some leaders still manage to rise above the noise with clarity, purpose, and a deep sense of historic responsibility. Captain Ibrahim Traoré of Burkina Faso is one of them.

I first came across Captain Traoré in a YouTube video of his visit to Moscow. At the time, I didn’t pay much attention. Weeks passed, and then I encountered another video—this time, it was a speech. His words caught me off guard. Not only was he remarkably articulate, but his message carried intellectual weight. It became clear to me: here was a leader attempting to reimagine African sovereignty from the ground up. And that’s no small thing—because the lack of genuine sovereignty is the single greatest reason Africa remains impoverished despite its immense riches.

Sovereignty is Make-or-Break

Africa is the richest continent on Earth in terms of natural resources—gold, diamonds, oil, rare earth minerals, fertile land. Yet, it remains economically poor. Why? Because colonialism never truly ended. Today, it wears the mask of multinational corporations (MNCs), exploitative trade deals, and foreign intelligence meddling. Sovereignty isn't just symbolic—it’s existential. If Africa is to rise, it must own its land, its minerals, its policies, and its future.

Captain Traoré seems to understand that. And he’s become a beacon of hope for millions of young Africans who are tired of the old game—of extraction without compensation, of puppet governments, and of dreams deferred.

Rethinking Democracy: The Middle Way

Long before I ever heard of Traoré, I had been writing blog posts pondering whether there might be a better democratic model—something between China’s meritocratic authoritarianism and America’s often chaotic, drama-driven version of democracy.

Could there be a new model—rooted in African traditions and realities—where governance is effective, leadership is accountable, and the people are truly served? Could a country like Burkina Faso build a highly meritocratic political party system, with strict rules for transparency, integrity, and competence? Could such a model still uphold democratic values without the dysfunctions of vote-buying and political theater?

What if elections aren’t the only path to legitimacy? What if delivering real results—schools, infrastructure, dignity—also builds legitimacy?

That said, perhaps the best course is a blend: a regulated, meritocratic multi-party system with fair elections, where integrity is enforced, and leadership is earned. The question is: does Traoré have the time to build such a system now, or should the focus first be on laying the foundations through a five-year term of bold reform and institution-building?

The Shadow of France: Colonialism by Other Means

There have been reports of assassination attempts on Captain Traoré’s life, allegedly by French intelligence. If true, this is both tragic and outrageous. Such actions aren’t just attacks on a person—they’re assaults on the sovereignty of an entire people.

There can be no true democracy—no genuine freedom—under the shadow of foreign interference. French colonialism, whether explicit or covert, cannot coexist with African sovereignty. The world must understand this truth and respect it. France, in particular, must be called to account for its actions, and step back once and for all from trying to control the fate of nations that have long outgrown its paternalism.

Respectful Partnership, Not Extraction

If Africa is to rise, it must be treated as an equal on the world stage. Multinational corporations can have a role in resource extraction—but only within frameworks that are just and transparent. Look to the Gulf countries: oil is extracted, foreign companies are involved, but the terms are clear and sovereign. The nations get rich. The people benefit. The contracts are not written in Paris or London but in Riyadh and Doha.

Win-win is possible. And more than possible—it is necessary.

Africa doesn’t need charity. It doesn’t need lectures. It needs respect, fair trade, and room to breathe.

A Voice Worth Listening To

Traoré has already inspired a new generation across Africa. He’s young, bold, and unafraid to challenge neocolonial norms. That doesn’t mean he’s perfect or that he won’t make mistakes. But he has earned the right to lead—and the world should listen.

The future of Burkina Faso belongs to its people. And yes, that includes full control of its resources, its destiny, and its political system. The rest of the world should stop interfering and start engaging—constructively, respectfully, and humbly.

The story of Captain Ibrahim Traoré is still being written. But one thing is already clear: he is not just a Burkinabé leader. He is becoming a symbol for an entire continent's long-overdue awakening.




अफ्रीकी संप्रभुता की नई आवाज़: कैप्टन इब्राहिम ट्राओरे का उदय

एक ऐसी दुनिया में जहाँ हर ओर शोरगुल और सनसनी है, कुछ नेता अब भी अपनी स्पष्टता, उद्देश्य और ऐतिहासिक ज़िम्मेदारी की भावना से सब पर भारी पड़ते हैं। बुर्किना फासो के कैप्टन इब्राहिम ट्राओरे ऐसे ही एक नेता हैं।

मैंने पहली बार कैप्टन ट्राओरे को एक यूट्यूब वीडियो में देखा, जिसमें वे मास्को की यात्रा पर थे। तब मैंने ज़्यादा ध्यान नहीं दिया। कुछ हफ्ते बीत गए। फिर एक और वीडियो सामने आया—इस बार उनका भाषण था। उनकी बातों ने मुझे चौंका दिया। वह न सिर्फ़ अत्यंत प्रभावशाली और स्पष्ट वक्ता हैं, बल्कि उनके शब्दों में बौद्धिक गहराई थी। मुझे साफ़ महसूस हुआ: यह नेता अफ्रीकी संप्रभुता को जड़ों से फिर से परिभाषित करने की कोशिश कर रहा है। और यह छोटी बात नहीं है—क्योंकि अफ्रीका की वास्तविक गरीबी की जड़ यही है कि उसे कभी पूरी तरह संप्रभुता नहीं मिली।

संप्रभुता: विकास या विनाश का फ़ैसला

प्राकृतिक संसाधनों की दृष्टि से अफ्रीका दुनिया का सबसे समृद्ध महाद्वीप है—सोना, हीरे, तेल, दुर्लभ खनिज, उपजाऊ भूमि। फिर भी अफ्रीका आर्थिक रूप से गरीब क्यों है? क्योंकि उपनिवेशवाद वास्तव में कभी खत्म नहीं हुआ। आज यह बहुराष्ट्रीय कंपनियों (MNCs), शोषणकारी व्यापार समझौतों, और विदेशी खुफिया हस्तक्षेप के रूप में जारी है। संप्रभुता सिर्फ़ प्रतीकात्मक नहीं, बल्कि अस्तित्व की लड़ाई है। यदि अफ्रीका को उठना है, तो उसे अपनी भूमि, अपने संसाधनों, अपनी नीतियों और अपने भविष्य पर पूरा अधिकार चाहिए।

कैप्टन ट्राओरे यह बात समझते हैं। और वे उन लाखों अफ्रीकी युवाओं के लिए आशा की किरण बन गए हैं जो इस पुराने शोषणकारी खेल से थक चुके हैं—जहाँ संसाधनों का दोहन होता है पर लाभ नहीं मिलता, जहाँ कठपुतली सरकारें चलती हैं, और जहाँ सपनों को बार-बार कुचला गया है।

लोकतंत्र की नई परिकल्पना: मध्य मार्ग की तलाश

ट्राओरे से पहले ही मैं यह विचार करता रहा हूँ कि क्या लोकतंत्र का कोई ऐसा मॉडल हो सकता है जो चीन की मेरिटोक्रेसी और अमेरिका की राजनीतिक ड्रामेबाजी के बीच का बेहतर विकल्प हो?

क्या कोई ऐसा नया मॉडल संभव है—जो अफ्रीकी परंपराओं और हकीकतों में रचा-बसा हो—जहाँ शासन प्रभावी हो, नेतृत्व जवाबदेह हो, और जनता की वास्तव में सेवा हो? क्या बुर्किना फासो जैसे देश में एक अत्यधिक मेरिटोक्रेटिक (योग्यता आधारित) पार्टी सिस्टम बन सकता है, जहाँ पारदर्शिता, ईमानदारी और क्षमता के सख्त नियम हों? क्या ऐसा मॉडल लोकतांत्रिक मूल्यों को कायम रखते हुए चुनावों की नकारात्मकता से मुक्त हो सकता है?

क्या केवल चुनाव ही वैधता का आधार हैं? या फिर स्कूल, सड़कों, गरिमा जैसे असली परिणाम भी वैधता ला सकते हैं?

संभवत: सर्वोत्तम रास्ता एक संतुलन है: एक नियमित, मेरिटोक्रेटिक बहुदलीय प्रणाली, जहाँ निष्पक्ष चुनाव हों, और नेतृत्व योग्यता से प्राप्त हो। सवाल यह है: क्या ट्राओरे के पास यह सब अभी करने का समय है, या पहले पांच साल तक ठोस सुधार करके नींव रखनी चाहिए?

फ्रांस की छाया: नए रूप में उपनिवेशवाद

खबरें हैं कि ट्राओरे की हत्या के प्रयास हुए हैं, और वह भी फ्रांसीसी खुफिया एजेंसियों द्वारा। अगर यह सच है, तो यह न सिर्फ़ दुखद है, बल्कि पूरी तरह निंदनीय है। यह सिर्फ़ एक व्यक्ति पर हमला नहीं है—बल्कि पूरे देश की संप्रभुता पर हमला है।

जब तक विदेशी हस्तक्षेप की छाया रहेगी, तब तक न सच्चा लोकतंत्र संभव है, न स्वतंत्रता। फ्रांसीसी उपनिवेशवाद—चाहे वह किसी भी रूप में हो—अफ्रीकी संप्रभुता के साथ सह-अस्तित्व नहीं रख सकता। दुनिया को यह समझना होगा और उसका सम्मान करना होगा। फ्रांस को विशेष रूप से आत्म-चिंतन करना चाहिए और अपनी दखलंदाजी बंद करनी चाहिए।

सम्मानजनक साझेदारी, शोषण नहीं

यदि अफ्रीका को आगे बढ़ना है, तो उसे वैश्विक मंच पर बराबरी का दर्जा मिलना चाहिए। बहुराष्ट्रीय कंपनियों को संसाधनों के दोहन में भाग लेना चाहिए, लेकिन सिर्फ़ तभी जब ढांचा न्यायसंगत और पारदर्शी हो। खाड़ी देशों की मिसाल देखें: तेल निकाला जाता है, विदेशी कंपनियाँ शामिल होती हैं, लेकिन शर्तें उनकी अपनी होती हैं। देश समृद्ध होते हैं, जनता लाभान्वित होती है। अनुबंध पेरिस या लंदन में नहीं, बल्कि रियाद और दोहा में बनते हैं।

विन-विन स्थितियाँ संभव हैं। और सिर्फ़ संभव नहीं—अनिवार्य हैं।

अफ्रीका को भीख नहीं चाहिए। उसे भाषण नहीं चाहिए। उसे चाहिए सम्मान, न्यायपूर्ण व्यापार और खुली साँस लेने की जगह।

एक आवाज़ जो सुनी जानी चाहिए

ट्राओरे पहले ही पूरे अफ्रीका में एक नई पीढ़ी को प्रेरित कर चुके हैं। वे युवा हैं, निर्भीक हैं, और नव-उपनिवेशवाद को चुनौती देने से नहीं डरते। इसका मतलब यह नहीं कि वे परिपूर्ण हैं या कभी गलती नहीं करेंगे। लेकिन उन्होंने नेतृत्व करने का अधिकार अर्जित किया है—और दुनिया को उन्हें सुनना चाहिए।

बुर्किना फासो का भविष्य उसके अपने लोगों का है। और हाँ, इसका अर्थ है उसके संसाधनों, नीतियों और राजनीतिक व्यवस्था पर पूर्ण नियंत्रण। दुनिया को हस्तक्षेप नहीं, बल्कि सम्मानजनक, रचनात्मक साझेदारी करनी चाहिए।

कैप्टन इब्राहिम ट्राओरे की कहानी अभी लिखी जा रही है। लेकिन एक बात स्पष्ट है: वे सिर्फ़ बुर्किना फासो के नेता नहीं हैं। वे पूरे महाद्वीप के जागरण की प्रतीक बनते जा रहे हैं।




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Friday, July 18, 2025

Captain Ibrahim Traoré’s Bold Initiatives In Burkina Faso

 

Here’s a deep dive into Captain Ibrahim Traoré’s bold initiatives in Burkina Faso—and how they’re reshaping infrastructure, multinationals, and sovereignty across Africa:


🏗️ Infrastructure & Industrial Projects

Traoré’s leadership has launched several high-impact infrastructure and industrial projects aimed at fueling domestic development and reducing reliance on foreign powers:

  1. Road and Transport Upgrades

    • Major road expansions have roughly doubled national road coverage, easing rural connectivity (Wikipedia).

    • Plans are underway to renovate the Abidjan–Ouagadougou railway, reinforcing key trade corridors (Wikipedia).

  2. Energy & Power Expansion

    • Burkina Faso is building a 25 MW Donsin solar farm (with battery storage) near the new Ouagadougou-Donsin airport—backed by a €45.7 M concessional loan from China (YouTube, Wikipedia).

    • Additionally, a 30 MW Nagreongo solar plant contributes clean energy to the national grid (Wikipedia).

  3. Gold Refinery & Mines Nationalization

    • Commissioned in November 2023, the first domestic gold refinery processes ~400 kg of gold daily, creating 100 direct jobs and 5,000 indirect ones (Wikipedia).

    • Through state-owned SOPAMIB, Traoré’s government nationalized foreign-owned mines, taking control of Boungou and Wahgnion and five additional assets by June 2025 (Wikipedia).

  4. Industrialization of Agriculture

    • The country’s first tomato processing factory reduces post-harvest losses and boosts agro-industry (The Wall Street Journal, Modern Ghana).

    • A national center for cotton processing aims to keep more value-add within Burkina Faso (Wikipedia).


💰 Challenging Multinational Corporations

Traoré is reshaping relations with big foreign players:

  • Renegotiation of Mining Contracts: Gold-mining contracts were revamped to favor increased state revenue, challenging the traditional dominance of Western firms (The Wall Street Journal).

  • State Takeover of Mines: SOPAMIB’s nationalization of mines previously operated by London-listed Endeavour Mining demonstrates direct government control over strategic resources (Wikipedia).

  • Licensing and Export Controls: In 2024, export permits for artisanal gold were halted to clamp down on illicit trade and boost transparency (Wikipedia).

  • Debt Autonomy: Traoré’s administration reportedly cleared $4.7 billion in external debt and refused conditional loans from IMF/World Bank (Wikipedia).

These maneuvers are seen as resource nationalist moves, sending a clear message that African governments are no longer bystanders to foreign resource extraction .


🛡️ Redefining Sovereignty Across Africa

Traoré is redefining sovereignty through domestically-driven policy and regional realignment:

1. Pan-African Confederation

  • Co-founded the Alliance of Sahel States with Mali and Niger (est. July 2024), aiming to pool resources, energy, finance, and defense outside ECOWAS (Wikipedia).

  • Built institutions like a Sahel-wide investment bank, regional court, passport, biometric ID system, and shared telecommunication protocols (Wikipedia).

2. Military & Security Autonomy

  • Expelled French troops in early 2023, signaling a pivot away from France .

  • While engaging diplomatically with Russia and Turkey, Traoré notably refused to rely on foreign mercenaries, emphasizing national military sovereignty (The Wall Street Journal).

3. Domestic Ideology Revival

  • Promotes “Progressive and Popular Revolution” echoing Thomas Sankara: suspension of the constitution, state control of key industries, cancellation of debt, focus on food self-sufficiency, and Sankara’s reinterment in a new mausoleum (Wikipedia).

  • Pushes cultural decolonization: restoring faso dan fani in courts, downgrading French colonial influence (Wikipedia).


🎥 Video Highlight

Explore his transformative journey in this visual deep dive:

The New Face of BURKINA FASO : Ibrahim Traoré City in 2025


✍️ Summary: The “Traoré Effect”

Traoré is steering Burkina Faso toward:

  • Self-reliant infrastructure (roads, rail, power, factories, refineries),

  • State-led resource control and revenue capture,

  • Debt-independent development models,

  • Pan-African regional frameworks that bypass Western institutions,

  • Cultural sovereignty rooted in Sankarist legacy.

Critics point to rising insecurity—over 17,000 insurgent deaths since his takeover—and expanded military rule through postponed elections (The Wall Street Journal, Modern Ghana, Wikipedia). Nonetheless, his model of national sovereignty and economic nationalism is gaining traction among like-minded leaders across Africa .


Captain Traoré’s narrative is one of a young military leader challenging neocolonial status quo: forging a self-sufficient nation, reclaiming its resources, and inspiring a regional bloc that dares to redefine sovereignty on African terms.



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Captain Ibrahim Traoré: Burkina Faso’s Revolutionary Leader Redefining African Sovereignty


 


Captain Ibrahim Traoré: Burkina Faso’s Revolutionary Leader Redefining African Sovereignty

In the heart of West Africa, Captain Ibrahim Traoré has emerged as one of the continent’s most captivating—and controversial—figures. At just 37 years old, the world’s youngest head of state has ignited a powerful mix of admiration and debate since seizing power in a coup in September 2022. His radical reforms, staunch anti-imperialist rhetoric, and emphasis on economic self-reliance have positioned him as a symbol of resistance to neocolonialism, drawing comparisons to Burkina Faso’s revolutionary icon, Thomas Sankara. But what exactly has Traoré achieved so far? How is he transforming infrastructure, confronting multinational corporations, and redefining sovereignty across Africa? Let’s explore the unfolding story.


A Vision for Transformation: Traoré’s Achievements in Burkina Faso

Since assuming power, Traoré has launched an ambitious agenda targeting Burkina Faso’s security, infrastructure, and economic independence. His administration has made visible progress in infrastructure and policy reforms, though immense challenges remain.

Infrastructure Development

Traoré’s government has placed infrastructure at the heart of its development strategy:

  • Ouagadougou-Donsin Airport: Scheduled for completion in 2025, this airport is designed to handle 1 million passengers annually. The goal is to improve regional connectivity and stimulate economic growth.

  • Road Construction and Rehabilitation: Over 995 kilometers of urban, rural, and intercity roads have been built or upgraded under his leadership, directly benefiting more than 500,000 people. Traoré has set a goal of constructing 5,000 km of roads annually.

  • Agricultural Industrialization: In a landmark push for value addition, Traoré has overseen the establishment of two tomato processing plants, a locally funded tomato factory, and a National Support Center for Artisanal Cotton Processing. These facilities aim to reduce raw exports and foster domestic agro-industry.

Posts on X (formerly Twitter) frequently highlight his government’s provision of agricultural machinery to rural communities and his focus on food self-sufficiency.

Economic Reforms

Traoré’s economic policies emphasize fiscal fairness, national production, and anti-elitism:

  • Salary Adjustments: Ministerial and parliamentary salaries were reduced by 30%, while civil servants received a 50% wage increase, aimed at narrowing income gaps and boosting morale.

  • Debt and Growth: While some online claims suggest Traoré eliminated the country’s $5.6 billion external debt, these are unverified. Nonetheless, Burkina Faso’s GDP has grown from $18.8 billion in 2022 to $22.1 billion by early 2025. Poverty has declined sharply from 83% in 1990 to 27.7% in 2023.

  • Projections: Analysts forecast an average GDP growth of 8% annually between 2025 and 2043, potentially lifting over 2.4 million people out of poverty.

Social Initiatives

Traoré’s social policies have received both praise and scrutiny:

  • Education: He has pledged free education from nursery to university, though implementation progress remains uneven.

  • Emergency Relief: Between 2022 and 2023, over 1.4 million people received food and nutritional aid, and 10,000 women were supported through income-generating projects.

However, Burkina Faso remains deeply affected by jihadist violence. As of 2024, nearly 40% of the country is outside state control, with 20% of schools and health facilities disrupted.


Challenging Multinational Corporations: A Push for Resource Sovereignty

Traoré’s administration has taken aggressive steps to reassert national control over Burkina Faso’s mineral wealth, particularly in the gold sector, which contributes 16% of GDP and over 80% of exports.

Nationalization and the New Mining Code

  • Mine Takeovers: The Boungou and Wahgnion gold mines, formerly operated by foreign companies like Endeavour Mining, have been nationalized.

  • Mining Law Reform: The July 2024 Mining Code compels foreign companies to transfer 15–30% ownership to the state and contribute to a national gold reserve. It also mandates workforce training for Burkinabé nationals.

  • State Mining Company: A new state-owned enterprise now oversees key mining operations.

These moves have provoked backlash. In 2024, Australian firm Sarama Resources initiated arbitration proceedings after losing its exploration license.

Building Local Processing Capacity

  • Gold Refinery: In November 2023, Burkina Faso opened its first national gold refinery, with a processing capacity of 150 tonnes annually. This reduces dependency on European refiners and keeps value within the country. As Traoré stated, “We will no longer be refining our gold abroad.”

This step aligns with broader regional trends, such as Mali’s push for domestic processing.

Local Development Contributions

  • Mining Fund for Local Development (FMDL): Under Burkina Faso’s 2015 Mining Code—rigorously enforced under Traoré—companies must invest in social infrastructure. Since 2019, over $307 million has been disbursed to 351 communes. Some of these funds have recently been redirected toward counter-insurgency efforts.

While these policies have enhanced national control, critics warn of potential inefficiencies and corruption in state-run enterprises, which could deter future investment. Western firms face increased scrutiny, while companies like Russia’s Nordgold continue to receive preferential treatment.


Redefining Sovereignty: From Ouagadougou to the Sahel

Traoré’s rhetoric and policy choices have elevated him into a broader Pan-African spotlight. His message of anti-imperialism, sovereignty, and youth empowerment resonates far beyond Burkina Faso.

Anti-Colonial Breaks

  • Exit from French Influence: In 2023, Traoré expelled French troops and suspended French aid and media presence, ending decades of military cooperation under Operation Sabre.

  • Rejection of IMF and World Bank Loans: He has publicly denounced international financial institutions as tools of neocolonialism. Nonetheless, Burkina Faso continues to receive funds, including a $100.4 million World Bank grant in 2024.

Strategic Realignment

  • New Alliances: Traoré has pursued partnerships with Russia, China, and North Korea. Russia has reopened its embassy, offered military support, and pledged to build a nuclear power plant in Burkina Faso.

  • Withdrawal from ECOWAS: In 2024, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger exited the regional ECOWAS bloc to form the Alliance of Sahel States (AES)—a regional grouping focused on joint anti-terrorism and economic coordination.

Pan-African Digital Persona

  • Digital Populism: Traoré’s image is carefully curated on social media. AI-generated videos and memes portray him as a modern-day Sankara or “Africa’s Messiah.” His followers, particularly in Kenya, Tanzania, and the diaspora, echo slogans of resource nationalism and continental unity.

  • Censorship Concerns: Detractors warn of growing online censorship and algorithmic populism, where digital adoration may mask weak institutions and silence dissent.

Ongoing Sovereignty Challenges

  • Security Risks: Burkina Faso’s insurgency has intensified, with coup attempts in 2023 and 2024 allegedly backed by foreign actors.

  • Currency Constraints: The CFA franc, still linked to the French Treasury, remains a symbol of economic dependence. Traoré’s government has expressed interest in creating a regional currency through the AES.


A Revolution in Progress—or a Fragile Experiment?

Captain Ibrahim Traoré represents a rare moment in modern African politics—a young, defiant leader seeking to reclaim national and continental dignity through bold reforms. His infrastructure projects, economic reforms, and nationalization drives suggest a serious attempt at building a self-reliant Burkina Faso.

But the road ahead is treacherous. The persistent insurgency, fragile institutions, and potential for economic mismanagement could undermine his goals. While his digital following fuels inspiration, it also raises the specter of authoritarianism and unaccountable governance.

If Traoré can translate charisma into stable, inclusive development, he may succeed in redefining sovereignty for a new African generation. If not, he risks repeating the tragic cycle of leaders who inspire much but deliver too little.




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18: Burkina Faso

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The Last Age of War, The First Age of Peace: Lord Kalki, Prophecies, and the Path to Global Redemption
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Thursday, July 17, 2025

17: Burkina Faso

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The $500 Billion Pivot: How the India-US Alliance Can Reshape Global Trade
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Are We Frozen in Time?: Tech Progress, Social Stagnation
The Last Age of War, The First Age of Peace: Lord Kalki, Prophecies, and the Path to Global Redemption
AOC 2028: : The Future of American Progressivism

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The $500 Billion Pivot: How the India-US Alliance Can Reshape Global Trade
Trump’s Trade War
Peace For Taiwan Is Possible
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Are We Frozen in Time?: Tech Progress, Social Stagnation
The Last Age of War, The First Age of Peace: Lord Kalki, Prophecies, and the Path to Global Redemption
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The 20% Growth Revolution: Nepal’s Path to Prosperity Through Kalkiism
Rethinking Trade: A Blueprint for a Just and Thriving Global Economy
The $500 Billion Pivot: How the India-US Alliance Can Reshape Global Trade
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Peace For Taiwan Is Possible
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Are We Frozen in Time?: Tech Progress, Social Stagnation
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The $500 Billion Pivot: How the India-US Alliance Can Reshape Global Trade
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Peace For Taiwan Is Possible
Formula For Peace In Ukraine
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Are We Frozen in Time?: Tech Progress, Social Stagnation
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Sunday, May 11, 2025

Ongoing Conflicts Around The World



Below is a list of major wars and armed conflicts around the world as of May 2025, based on available data from sources like the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, ACLED, Crisis Group, and others. Each conflict includes a brief description, duration, causes, chances of resolution, and potential primary peacemakers. Note that the list focuses on significant ongoing conflicts with at least 100 direct violent deaths per year, as per the Uppsala criteria, and excludes smaller-scale violence or criminal gang activity unless it involves significant military or paramilitary engagement. Due to the complexity and number of conflicts, there is a  summary below of key details concisely while covering the most prominent cases. For some conflicts, precise data on fatalities or resolution prospects may be limited, so there will be informed estimates based on trends.


1. Russia-Ukraine War
  • Description: A full-scale interstate war following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, involving intense fighting in eastern and southern Ukraine, with Russian territorial gains and Ukrainian counteroffensives. It includes air strikes, drone warfare, and significant civilian casualties.
  • Duration: Since February 24, 2022 (escalation of a conflict ongoing since 2014 with Russia’s annexation of Crimea and support for separatists in Donetsk and Luhansk). ~3 years for the current phase; ~11 years total.
  • Causes: Russian territorial ambitions, geopolitical rivalry (NATO expansion concerns), nationalist narratives, and control over eastern Ukraine’s resources and strategic areas. Ukraine fights for sovereignty and territorial integrity.
  • Chances of Resolution: Low in the near term. Russia’s territorial gains and maximalist demands (e.g., recognition of annexed territories) clash with Ukraine’s existential need to resist. A ceasefire favorable to Moscow is possible in 2025, but a lasting peace deal is unlikely due to irreconcilable goals.
  • Primary Peacemakers: United States, European Union, Turkey, and potentially China could mediate. The UN and International Criminal Court have roles but limited influence. Neutral countries like Switzerland or Qatar may facilitate talks.

2. Israel-Hamas War (Gaza)
  • Description: A high-intensity conflict centered in Gaza, with Israeli military operations against Hamas following the October 7, 2023, attack. Involves airstrikes, ground operations, and a severe humanitarian crisis, with over 22,000 Palestinian deaths by late 2023.
  • Duration: Current phase since October 7, 2023 (~1.5 years), but part of a decades-long Israeli-Palestinian conflict rooted in 1948 and recurring escalations.
  • Causes: Hamas’s attack (killing over 1,000 Israelis, taking hostages) aimed to disrupt Israel’s normalization with Arab states and assert Palestinian resistance. Israel seeks to eliminate Hamas’s military capacity and secure its borders. Root causes include occupation, settlements, and Palestinian statehood aspirations.
  • Chances of Resolution: Low. Israel’s goal of dismantling Hamas is ambitious, and Hamas’s resilience and regional support (e.g., Iran) complicate outcomes. No ceasefire is in place, and Gaza’s humanitarian crisis worsens. Long-term peace requires addressing Palestinian statehood, unlikely soon.
  • Primary Peacemakers: Egypt, Qatar, and the United States have mediated past ceasefires. The UN and EU could push humanitarian pauses, but regional powers like Saudi Arabia may influence broader talks.

3. Sudan Civil War
  • Description: A brutal civil war between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), led by Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), led by Mohamed “Hemedti” Hamdan Dagalo. Fighting has displaced 12 million and caused famine in Darfur, with staggering sexual violence.
  • Duration: Since April 2023 (~2 years).
  • Causes: Power struggle after the 2019 ouster of Omar al-Bashir. SAF and RSF, former allies, vie for control of Sudan’s government and resources. Ethnic and regional divisions, plus foreign backing (e.g., UAE for RSF, Egypt for SAF), fuel the conflict.
  • Chances of Resolution: Very low. The RSF’s territorial gains and lack of diplomatic progress hinder ceasefires. The conflict risks fracturing Sudan further. External sponsors exacerbate the stalemate.
  • Primary Peacemakers: African Union, Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), and the UN could mediate. Saudi Arabia and the UAE, as key backers, are critical but conflicted due to their own agendas.

4. Myanmar Civil War
  • Description: A multi-front civil war pitting the military junta against ethnic armed groups and new resistance forces (People’s Defense Forces) following the 2021 coup. Over 3 million are displaced, with widespread poverty and infrastructure collapse.
  • Duration: Since February 2021 (~4 years), though ethnic conflicts predate the coup, some lasting decades.
  • Causes: The military’s coup ousted the elected government, sparking nationwide resistance. Ethnic groups fight for autonomy, while resistance groups seek to topple the junta. China’s support for the junta and regional rivalries complicate dynamics.
  • Chances of Resolution: Low. The junta faces losses but retains Chinese backing, while resistance groups lack unity. A 2025 election, if held, may escalate violence.
  • Primary Peacemakers: ASEAN, China, and India could mediate, but ASEAN’s efforts have been ineffective. The UN has limited leverage due to vetoes by China and Russia.

5. Mexican Drug War
  • Description: An ongoing conflict between the Mexican government and drug cartels (e.g., Sinaloa, Jalisco New Generation), with cartels fighting each other for control of trafficking routes. Violence includes assassinations, massacres, and civilian targeting.
  • Duration: Since December 2006 (~18 years), when the government launched a crackdown on cartels.
  • Causes: Cartels seek economic control over drug trade (especially fentanyl), fueled by U.S. demand. Corruption, weak governance, and U.S.-supplied weapons sustain violence. Political instability and elections exacerbate tensions.
  • Chances of Resolution: Low. Fragmentation of cartels into smaller, violent groups and systemic corruption hinder progress. Non-military approaches (e.g., legalization, social programs) are debated but unimplemented.
  • Primary Peacemakers: Mexico’s government, with U.S. cooperation on drug policy and arms control, could drive change. Civil society and international NGOs may push alternative strategies.

6. Yemeni Civil War
  • Description: A complex conflict involving the Houthi movement, the internationally recognized Yemeni government, and a Saudi-led coalition. Houthi attacks on Red Sea shipping have escalated tensions with Western powers.
  • Duration: Since September 2014 (~10.5 years), with Saudi intervention since 2015.
  • Causes: Houthi takeover of Sanaa sparked a power struggle, fueled by sectarian (Shia-Sunni) tensions, Iranian support for Houthis, and Saudi/UAE interests in regional dominance. Economic collapse and tribal rivalries worsen the crisis.
  • Chances of Resolution: Moderate. A UN-brokered truce in 2023 showed progress, but Houthi maritime attacks and external backing (Iran, Saudi Arabia) complicate peace. A roadmap for ceasefire exists but is fragile.
  • Primary Peacemakers: UN, Oman, and Saudi Arabia are key mediators. Iran’s involvement is crucial but challenging due to its rivalry with Saudi Arabia.

7. Sahel Conflicts (Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger)
  • Description: Jihadist insurgencies by groups like JNIM (al-Qaeda-affiliated) and Islamic State in the Greater Sahara against military juntas and local forces. Violence includes civilian massacres and resource conflicts.
  • Duration: Since 2012 (13 years), with escalation after 2021 coups in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger.
  • Causes: Jihadist groups exploit weak governance, poverty, and ethnic tensions. Military juntas’ aggressive tactics and Russian mercenary involvement (post-French withdrawal) fuel violence. Climate change and resource scarcity exacerbate local conflicts.
  • Chances of Resolution: Low. Jihadist groups are resilient, and juntas prioritize military solutions over governance. Regional cooperation is weak after the collapse of French-led initiatives.
  • Primary Peacemakers: ECOWAS, African Union, and the UN could mediate, but juntas resist external influence. Algeria and Morocco may play roles, but Russian presence complicates efforts.

8. Democratic Republic of Congo (M23 Conflict)
  • Description: Fighting in eastern DRC between the M23 rebel group, backed by Rwanda, and the Congolese army (FARDC) with allied militias (Wazalendo). Clashes displace millions and threaten regional stability.
  • Duration: Current M23 escalation since late 2021 (~3.5 years), but eastern DRC conflicts persist since the 1990s.
  • Causes: M23 seeks influence and control over resource-rich areas, with Rwanda’s alleged support tied to security and economic interests. Ethnic tensions and weak governance fuel violence. Regional rivalries (Rwanda vs. DRC) sustain the conflict.
  • Chances of Resolution: Low. Peace agreements are fragile due to mutual distrust and proxy warfare. Continued M23 advances risk spoiling talks.
  • Primary Peacemakers: African Union, East African Community (EAC), and Angola could mediate. Rwanda and DRC must engage directly, but geopolitical tensions hinder progress.

9. Somalia Insurgency
  • Description: Al-Shabaab, an al-Qaeda-affiliated group, fights the Somali government and clan militias, controlling rural areas and conducting urban attacks. Recent Al-Shabaab gains (e.g., Adan Yabal) challenge government control.
  • Duration: Since 2006 (19 years).
  • Causes: Al-Shabaab seeks to impose strict Islamist rule, exploiting clan divisions and government weakness. Foreign interventions (e.g., AMISOM, U.S. airstrikes) and resource competition sustain violence.
  • Chances of Resolution: Low. Al-Shabaab’s resilience and government’s reliance on external support limit progress. Political divisions over 2025-2026 elections may escalate fighting.
  • Primary Peacemakers: African Union, UN, and Turkey could mediate. Ethiopia and Kenya, as regional powers, are key but face their own security challenges.

10. Haiti Gang Violence
  • Description: Gangs control much of Port-au-Prince, fighting each other and security forces, causing widespread displacement and humanitarian crises. Not a traditional war but meets conflict criteria due to scale.
  • Duration: Escalated since 2021 (~4 years), with roots in decades of instability.
  • Causes: Political vacuum after President Moïse’s 2021 assassination, economic collapse, and gang empowerment through arms trafficking. Gangs vie for territorial and economic control.
  • Chances of Resolution: Moderate. International support (e.g., Kenyan-led UN mission) could stabilize areas, but governance reforms are needed. Gangs’ fragmentation may aid negotiations.
  • Primary Peacemakers: UN, United States, and Caribbean Community (CARICOM). Kenya and Brazil, as mission contributors, are key.

11. Syria Conflict
  • Description: A fragmented conflict with Syrian government forces, backed by Russia and Iran, fighting rebel groups (e.g., Hayat Tahrir al-Sham) and Turkish-backed factions. Recent rebel offensives have destabilized Assad’s control.
  • Duration: Since March 2011 (~14 years).
  • Causes: Initially a civil war against Assad’s regime, now a proxy conflict involving Turkey, Russia, Iran, and the U.S. Territorial control, sectarian divides, and foreign interests drive violence.
  • Chances of Resolution: Low. Assad’s weakened position and external actors’ competing agendas (e.g., Turkey vs. Russia) make peace elusive. Rebel gains may force talks but risk escalation.
  • Primary Peacemakers: UN, Turkey, Russia, and Iran. Qatar and Saudi Arabia could facilitate regional dialogue.

12. Ethiopia (Amhara and Oromia Conflicts)
  • Description: Internal conflicts involving Amhara militias (Fano) and Oromo Liberation Army against the Ethiopian government. Violence stems from ethnic and political grievances.
  • Duration: Amhara conflict since 2023 (2 years); Oromia since 2018 (7 years).
  • Causes: Ethnic federalism disputes, marginalization claims, and resistance to Abiy Ahmed’s centralization. Resource competition and historical grievances fuel fighting.
  • Chances of Resolution: Moderate. The 2022 Tigray ceasefire shows dialogue potential, but Amhara and Oromo distrust complicates talks.
  • Primary Peacemakers: African Union, IGAD, and Ethiopian civil society. The U.S. and EU could support inclusive dialogue.

Other Notable Conflicts
Due to space constraints, smaller conflicts (100–1,000 deaths/year) are summarized:
  • Colombia (ELN and FARC Dissidents): Ongoing since 1964, with ~1,000 deaths/year. Drug trafficking and territorial control drive violence. Peace talks with ELN have potential (moderate resolution chances). Mediators: Colombia government, Norway, Cuba.
  • Nigeria (Boko Haram, ISWAP, Herder-Farmer Clashes): Since ~2009, with ~1,000–10,000 deaths/year. Jihadist insurgency and resource conflicts. Low resolution chances due to governance issues. Mediators: ECOWAS, Nigeria government.
  • India-Pakistan (Kashmir): Intermittent since 1947, with recent escalations (e.g., May 2025 missile strikes). Territorial and nationalist disputes. Low resolution chances without major diplomacy. Mediators: UN, neutral powers like Norway.
  • Great Lakes Region (Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda): Proxy conflicts and ethnic violence since the 1990s. Low resolution chances due to regional rivalries. Mediators: AU, EAC.

Notes
  • Total Conflicts: ~52 countries host armed conflicts, with 4 major wars (>10,000 deaths/year), 20 high-intensity conflicts (1,000–9,999 deaths), and ~28 lower-intensity conflicts (100–999 deaths).
  • Global Trends: Conflicts are increasingly internationalized, with 92 countries involved externally. Resolution is harder due to fewer peace agreements (4% of conflicts end this way vs. 23% in the 1970s).
  • Data Gaps: Exact casualty figures and resolution prospects vary due to underreporting and fluid dynamics. I’ve used conservative estimates from ACLED, SIPRI, and Crisis Group.
  • Peacemaking Challenges: External powers (e.g., Russia, China, U.S.) often prioritize strategic interests over peace, and regional organizations lack resources.