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Friday, December 19, 2025

19: India

How have India’s exports jumped 20 percent, despite Trump’s trade war? Despite a 50 percent tariff, India’s exports to the US grew by more than one-fifth in November, as New Delhi looks to diversify its export markets. ................

India’s exports increased by nearly 20 percent in November year-on-year, the country’s fastest growth in three years, driven primarily by exports to the United States and China.

............ The November rise in Indian exports also comes as China recorded a trade surplus of more than $1 trillion, in part reflecting how global trade flows are being reshaped as a result of the Trump trade wars. .......... The export figures, reported this week by India’s Ministry of Commerce and Industry,

reflected resilient demand for Indian goods

and a strategy of diversifying to new export markets, the ministry said, an approach other countries are also adopting as they look to reduce reliance on the US. ...............

key drivers for strong exports included engineering goods, electronics and pharmaceuticals.

............

Despite the new tariffs, India’s exports to the US – its largest single destination – grew by 22 percent in November, reaching approximately $7bn.

................ The healthiest export sectors were engineering, electronics, jewellery and gems, and pharmaceuticals. ................... “India has held fort on the US exports despite tariffs,” Commerce Secretary Rajesh Agrawal said ............ shipments to China surged by 90 percent year-on-year to $2.2bn. China recorded notably higher Indian imports, with electronics and engineering goods seeing sizeable increases. ........... exports to Spain, the United Arab Emirates and Tanzania were also driving growth. ......... “India’s exports of electronics and pharmaceuticals to the US increased, and these product categories are exempt from tariffs. Furthermore, tea, coffee, spices and other food items were also added to the exemption list, and all of them are experiencing steady growth.” ............ analysts also say continued healthy exports to the US signal that traders expect it to eventually relax tariffs on other goods, as the two countries are still working towards a trade deal. ........... While the Trump administration claimed earlier this year that India had agreed to stop buying discounted Russian oil, it has shown little sign of doing so. ............. India has also resisted US pressure to open up sensitive sectors such as agriculture and dairy to US imports, insisting it will protect farmers and not “bow down” to tariff demands, while Trump is demanding greater market access. ........... In July this year, India and the UK signed the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement under which tariffs have been reduced. Last year, India also signed the Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement with the European Free Trade Association countries – Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein – under which they have linked markets in return for investment. ................. India is currently in talks with Mexico to counter tariff policies there and create new export corridors. Mexico’s Senate on Wednesday approved tariff hikes of up to 50 percent from January on imports from India and other countries, a move analysts say is aimed at appeasing Washington. ............ India would also be looking to diversify into Eurasian and Central Asian markets ............ Beijing has weathered the standoff by increasing exports to non-US markets ............ China’s exports to the European Union also saw strong growth, up an annual 14.8 percent in November year-on-year, and an 8.2 percent rise in exports to countries in Southeast Asia. ........... Vietnam has also registered export increases in 2025, with its trade surplus with the US reaching $121.6bn over the same period, despite the 20 percent tariffs imposed on its goods by the Trump administration. ............. “Countries are looking to diversify away from the US into Asian markets such as China, Japan and ASEAN. Trade deals is one way of ensuring trade and reducing trade uncertainty. Incentivising investments and opening up markets is also another way of securing trade.” ...............

Canada’s Prime Minister Mark Carney has previously said Canada aims to double its non-US exports over the next decade.

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Bush v. Gore in retrospect the decision’s largest significance may be from the widespread perception that the justices were simply motivated by their own partisan preferences as to who should be the next president.......... The presidential election of Tuesday, Nov. 7, 2000, was one of the closest in American history. By early Wednesday morning it was clear that the Democratic candidate, Vice President Al Gore, won the national popular vote but that the outcome of the electoral vote was uncertain. The presidency turned on Florida and its 25 electoral votes. ..................... The Florida Supreme Court ordered that there be a count of all uncounted ballots in the state and appointed a state court judge, Terry Lewis, to oversee this. Just hours after the Florida Supreme Court’s decision, Lewis ordered that the counting of the uncounted votes commence the next morning and that it be completed by Sunday afternoon, Dec. 10, at 2:00 p.m. ............ On Saturday morning, counting commenced as ordered. At the same time, Bush asked the Supreme Court to stay the counting and grant certiorari in the case. In the early afternoon on Saturday, the court, in a 5-4 ruling, stayed the counting of the votes in Florida. ........... On Monday, Dec. 11, the justices held oral arguments. On Tuesday night, Dec. 12, at approximately 10:00 p.m., the court released its opinion in Bush v. Gore. ............ The per curiam opinion was made up of the five most conservative justices: Chief Justice William Rehnquist and Justices Sandra Day O’Connor, Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, and Clarence Thomas. ............. Specifically, the court said that the central problem was that the Florida Supreme Court ordered the counting of the uncounted ballots, but failed to prescribe standards for how to do so. The court said that this results in similar ballots being treated differently. The court thus concluded that counting the uncounted ballots pursuant to the order of the Florida Supreme Court would deny equal protection .............. The court, in its per curiam opinion, said that Florida indicated that it wished to observe the Dec. 12 date set by federal law. The court thus ordered an end to the counting. .................... Each of the four dissenting justices – John Paul Stevens, David Souter, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and Stephen Breyer – wrote vehement dissents. Stevens, for example, stated: “The endorsement of [the] position by the majority of this court can only lend credence to the most cynical appraisal of the work of judges throughout the land … Although we may never know with complete certainty the identity of the winner of this year’s Presidential election, the identity of the loser is perfectly clear. It is the Nation’s confidence in the judge as an impartial guardian of the rule of law.” ............... In hindsight, the decision seems clearly wrong. ............ Second, even if there was an equal protection violation, the Supreme Court erred in ending the counting of votes rather than remanding the case to the Florida Supreme Court to decide, as a matter of Florida law, whether to count the uncounted votes or stop the recount. ............ The widespread perception (which persists to this day) was that the court’s decision was less about the law and much more about the political views of the justices. ............. The court’s recent ruling on Dec. 4, in Abbott v. League of United Latin American Citizens, is indicative of the conservative justices’ desire to keep the federal courts out of elections. The court reversed the lower court and allowed Texas to use a new map for congressional districts that likely creates five more Republican districts, despite detailed findings that race was impermissibly used in creating the districts in violation of equal protection. Animating the majority’s opinion was a desire for deference to the political process and for federal courts to not be involved in changing the rules for elections. ....... Or has the last quarter century only heightened our sense of the partisanship of the court and made it unthinkable that today’s conservative majority would come out any differently from the conservative majority in Bush v. Gore?

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A Starlink satellite just exploded and left 'trackable' debris SpaceX says it presents no threat to the ISS or its crew. .......... The incident happened just days after a Starlink satellite narrowly avoided a collision with a rival Chinese satellite from CAS Space last week. Starlink vice president Michael Nicholls said that the incident happened due to a lack of coordination between the two companies. "When satellite operators do not share emphemeris for their satellites, dangerously close approaches can occur in space," he wrote on X. ....... Starlink's constellation consists of almost 9,300 active satellites making up around 65 percent of all orbiting spacecraft, not including defunct units. That number grew by more than 3,000 this year alone, launched aboard 121 separate SpaceX missions — around one every three days.

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