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Thursday, October 30, 2025

The US Senate And The Trump Tariffs



Senate’s Bold Move Against Trump’s Tariffs: Symbolic Strike Amid Escalating Legal Battles

In a dramatic act of bipartisan defiance, the United States Senate voted 51–47 on October 30, 2025, to approve a resolution terminating President Donald Trump’s declaration of a national emergency — the legal foundation for his sweeping global tariff regime.

Four Republican senators — Mitch McConnell, Susan Collins, Lisa Murkowski, and Rand Paul — joined Democrats in what marks the third consecutive congressional rebuke of Trump’s trade policies this week, following similar resolutions aimed at lifting tariffs on Brazil and Canada.

The move, though largely symbolic, signals deep unease across party lines about the president’s expansive use of emergency powers to reshape global trade — powers critics say verge on the unconstitutional.


A Political Statement, Not Yet a Policy Change

The Senate’s resolution, spearheaded by Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR) and co-sponsored by libertarian-leaning Republican Rand Paul (R-KY), invokes the National Emergencies Act (NEA) to challenge Trump’s April 2025 executive order. That order imposed tariffs of up to 50% on imports from over 100 countries, justified under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) — a law originally designed to address foreign threats, not manage global commerce.

Despite the Senate’s vote, the measure is unlikely to survive the Republican-controlled House, where leadership is expected to block it to avoid a certain presidential veto. Still, it serves as a rare, bipartisan assertion of congressional authority — a constitutional reminder that the power to levy taxes and tariffs lies with Congress, not the White House.


The Architecture of Trump’s Tariff Empire

Trump’s 2025 tariff campaign began within weeks of his second inauguration. Initially targeting Canada and Mexico — citing drug trafficking and migration concerns — tariffs quickly escalated from 25% to 35% on most imports from America’s North American neighbors. China was hit next, facing rates as high as 125% before a temporary truce was brokered in August.

By April, Trump unveiled what he called a “Reciprocal Trade Framework,” imposing variable tariffs between 10% and 41% on most global imports, calibrated to each nation’s trade deficit with the U.S. Exemptions were negotiated for select allies such as the UK, Japan, South Korea, and parts of the European Union — but most of the developing world was swept into the net.

Additionally, under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act, Trump imposed “national security” tariffs of up to 50% on critical sectors like steel, aluminum, and copper. The combined effect has been a shockwave through global markets, disrupting supply chains and inflating consumer prices in the United States.


Three Days, Three Rebukes

The Senate’s October 30 vote capped three consecutive days of resistance:

  • October 28: A bipartisan 52–48 vote repealed 50% tariffs on Brazilian goods.

  • October 29: A similar resolution passed regarding Canada — Trump’s second attempt to raise tariffs on Ottawa following trade retaliation.

  • October 30: The Senate challenged the entire emergency declaration underpinning the global tariff structure.

These rare rebukes highlight an emerging coalition of free-trade conservatives, centrist Democrats, and institutionalists alarmed by what they view as an abuse of executive authority.


The Legal Front: Supreme Court Showdown Looms

The Senate’s action coincides with an impending Supreme Court battle that could reshape the balance of powers between the executive and legislative branches. On November 5, 2025, the Court will hear oral arguments in Trump v. V.O.S. Selections, Inc. and Learning Resources Inc. v. Trump — cases that challenge the legality of IEEPA-based tariffs.

Federal courts have already struck down several of Trump’s measures, ruling that trade deficits and drug smuggling do not meet the “unusual and extraordinary threats” standard required by IEEPA. Lower-court judges described the use of emergency powers for tariff-setting as “an executive tax without legislative consent.”

If the Supreme Court upholds those rulings, Trump’s tariffs could be nullified nationwide — forcing the administration to refund hundreds of billions in collected duties. Such a decision would dramatically curtail presidential economic powers, reaffirm congressional supremacy in trade, and potentially stabilize global markets.

Conversely, if the Court sides with Trump, it would set a precedent granting future presidents near-unchecked authority to impose tariffs, sanctions, and financial restrictions without congressional approval — a scenario many legal scholars warn would effectively “crown the president as trade czar.”


Economic Fallout: America and the World React

Even as legal battles unfold, the economic consequences of Trump’s tariffs are tangible:

  • U.S. consumers have faced higher prices across key goods — from cars to electronics to groceries — with inflationary spillovers estimated to shave 0.6–0.7% off GDP growth in 2025.

  • Trading partners have retaliated: China imposed duties as high as 125% on U.S. exports before the August truce; Canada and Mexico have levied tariffs worth billions on American agricultural and industrial goods.

  • Global supply chains remain distorted, as multinationals reroute production to tariff-exempt countries like Vietnam and Indonesia.

Trump’s supporters argue these moves are forcing countries to the negotiating table and restoring U.S. industrial leverage. Yet critics counter that America is alienating allies, disrupting global trade norms, and reviving the same protectionist instincts that triggered the Great Depression’s Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930.


Constitutional Stakes: Article I vs. the Imperial Presidency

The Founders vested tariff authority in Congress precisely to prevent unilateral economic warfare. By invoking IEEPA to impose sweeping duties, Trump has reignited a 50-year debate about the law’s scope.

Legal scholars at the Cato Institute, Tax Foundation, and American Enterprise Institute warn that allowing IEEPA tariffs to stand would transform the presidency into a “one-man Congress,” eroding the separation of powers. Even conservative jurists like Justice Neil Gorsuch have previously signaled skepticism of expansive emergency powers.

If the Court sides with Congress, it could reassert the constitutional boundaries eroded over decades of executive aggrandizement — not just in trade, but in areas like immigration, sanctions, and national defense.


Global Ramifications: From Tariffs to Trust

Beyond Washington’s legal drama, the stakes are global. Allies like Canada, Japan, and Germany have quietly warned that continued tariff volatility undermines trust in the U.S. as a reliable trading partner. Emerging economies see it as evidence of American unpredictability — pushing them toward regional alternatives like the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) led by China.

Meanwhile, in the Global South, leaders view the U.S. tariff spree as hypocritical — a wealthy nation weaponizing trade under the banner of “economic security” while preaching free markets abroad.


The Big Picture: Political Power Meets Economic Gravity

The Senate’s defiance is unlikely to change policy overnight. But it represents a deeper undercurrent: a bipartisan acknowledgment that Trump’s tariff wars, now entering their second term, are unsustainable without institutional reform.

As one senior Republican aide put it anonymously, “We built the world’s trading system. Now we’re burning it down, one proclamation at a time.”

Trump remains defiant. “We’re winning the trade war,” he told reporters before boarding Air Force One. “The Senate can vote all they want — America’s back in charge.”

Yet as the Supreme Court prepares to weigh in and global markets brace for the verdict, one question looms large:

Is this America’s last tariff war — or the dawn of a permanent executive trade regime?


Key Takeaways

  • The Senate’s vote is symbolic but constitutionally significant, reflecting deep bipartisan unease.

  • The Supreme Court’s upcoming decision could redefine the limits of presidential trade authority.

  • Economic impacts are mounting, with inflationary pressures and global retaliation.

  • The crisis underscores a larger theme: the tension between executive power and democratic accountability in the 21st century.



सीनेट का साहसिक कदम: ट्रंप के टैरिफ़ पर प्रहार, बढ़ती कानूनी लड़ाइयों के बीच एक प्रतीकात्मक वार

अमेरिकी सीनेट ने 30 अक्टूबर 2025 को एक ऐतिहासिक कदम उठाते हुए राष्ट्रपति डोनाल्ड ट्रंप द्वारा घोषित राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल को समाप्त करने के प्रस्ताव को 51–47 मतों से मंज़ूरी दी — वही आपातकाल जिसके आधार पर ट्रंप ने दुनिया के 100 से अधिक देशों पर भारी आयात शुल्क (टैरिफ़) लगा रखे हैं।

चार रिपब्लिकन सीनेटर — मिच मैककोनेल, सुसन कॉलिन्स, लिसा मुर्कोव्स्की और रैंड पॉल — ने डेमोक्रेट्स का साथ देकर यह प्रस्ताव पारित कराया। यह ट्रंप प्रशासन की व्यापार नीतियों के खिलाफ लगातार तीसरा संसदीय विरोध है, जो इससे पहले ब्राज़ील और कनाडा पर लगे टैरिफ़ को रद्द करने के लिए पारित प्रस्तावों के बाद आया है।

हालांकि यह कदम तत्काल नीति परिवर्तन नहीं लाता, यह अमेरिकी संसद में गहराते असंतोष को दर्शाता है — असंतोष ट्रंप द्वारा कार्यकारी शक्तियों के अत्यधिक इस्तेमाल को लेकर, जिसे आलोचक “संवैधानिक अतिरेक” कह रहे हैं।


राजनीतिक संदेश, लेकिन नीति में बदलाव नहीं

डेमोक्रेट सीनेटर रॉन वाइडन और रिपब्लिकन रैंड पॉल द्वारा पेश किए गए इस प्रस्ताव ने National Emergencies Act (NEA) का उपयोग करते हुए ट्रंप के अप्रैल 2025 के कार्यकारी आदेश को चुनौती दी। इसी आदेश के तहत ट्रंप ने International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) के प्रावधानों का हवाला देकर 50% तक के वैश्विक टैरिफ़ लगा दिए थे — जबकि यह कानून मूलतः विदेशी ख़तरों से निपटने के लिए बनाया गया था, न कि विश्व व्यापार प्रबंधन के लिए।

रिपब्लिकन-नियंत्रित प्रतिनिधि सभा (House of Representatives) में यह प्रस्ताव संभवतः रोक दिया जाएगा, ताकि राष्ट्रपति वीटो से बचा जा सके। लेकिन इसके बावजूद, यह वोट अमेरिकी संविधान के उस मूल सिद्धांत की याद दिलाता है — कि कर और टैरिफ़ लगाने का अधिकार कांग्रेस के पास है, न कि राष्ट्रपति के।


ट्रंप की “टैरिफ़ साम्राज्य” की रचना

ट्रंप के दूसरे कार्यकाल की शुरुआत के कुछ ही सप्ताहों में यह टैरिफ़ अभियान शुरू हो गया था। पहले निशाने पर कनाडा और मैक्सिको थे — 25% से 35% तक के आयात शुल्क, जिन्हें ट्रंप ने नशीली दवाओं की तस्करी और प्रवासन संकट के नाम पर सही ठहराया।

इसके बाद चीन पर बारी आई, जिस पर कुछ समय के लिए 125% तक टैरिफ़ लगा दिए गए। अगस्त 2025 में अस्थायी युद्धविराम हुआ, पर तब तक वैश्विक बाज़ारों में झटके लग चुके थे।

अप्रैल में ट्रंप ने “Reciprocal Trade Framework” नामक नीति पेश की, जिसके तहत उन्होंने अमेरिका के व्यापार घाटे के अनुपात में 10% से 41% तक के टैरिफ़ लगाए। ब्रिटेन, जापान, दक्षिण कोरिया और यूरोपीय संघ जैसे सहयोगी देशों को कुछ छूट मिली, पर विकासशील देशों पर व्यापक असर पड़ा।

इसी के साथ Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act के तहत “राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा” के नाम पर स्टील, एल्युमिनियम और कॉपर पर 50% तक के टैरिफ़ लगाए गए — जिससे वैश्विक आपूर्ति श्रृंखला में भारी व्यवधान पैदा हुआ।


तीन दिन, तीन झटके

सीनेट का 30 अक्टूबर का वोट लगातार तीसरे दिन ट्रंप को मिली राजनीतिक हार थी:

  • 28 अक्टूबर: ब्राज़ील पर लगे 50% टैरिफ़ हटाने के लिए 52–48 का द्विदलीय मत।

  • 29 अक्टूबर: कनाडा पर टैरिफ़ के विरोध में समान प्रस्ताव पारित।

  • 30 अक्टूबर: ट्रंप के आपातकालीन अधिकारों को ही चुनौती देने वाला प्रस्ताव पारित।

यह घटनाक्रम एक नए राजनीतिक गठजोड़ की झलक देता है — मुक्त व्यापार समर्थक रिपब्लिकन, मध्यमार्गी डेमोक्रेट्स और संस्थागत संतुलन पर विश्वास रखने वाले नेता एक मंच पर आ गए हैं।


सुप्रीम कोर्ट की बारी: कार्यकारी शक्ति की सीमा तय होगी

सीनेट की यह कार्रवाई ऐसे समय आई है जब सुप्रीम कोर्ट 5 नवंबर 2025 को दो अहम मामलों की सुनवाई करने जा रहा है — Trump v. V.O.S. Selections, Inc. और Learning Resources Inc. v. Trump — जिनमें ट्रंप के IEEPA आधारित टैरिफ़ को असंवैधानिक बताया गया है।

निचली अदालतें पहले ही कई टैरिफ़ को रद्द कर चुकी हैं, यह कहते हुए कि “व्यापार घाटा” या “ड्रग समस्या” जैसी बातें IEEPA के “असामान्य और असाधारण ख़तरे” की परिभाषा में नहीं आतीं।

यदि सुप्रीम कोर्ट इन निर्णयों को बरकरार रखता है, तो ट्रंप प्रशासन को अरबों डॉलर की वसूली लौटानी पड़ सकती है, जिससे कार्यकारी शक्ति सीमित होगी और कांग्रेस की भूमिका मज़बूत।

लेकिन अगर कोर्ट ट्रंप के पक्ष में निर्णय देता है, तो भविष्य के राष्ट्रपति भी एकतरफा तरीके से वैश्विक टैरिफ़ लगाने में सक्षम हो जाएंगे — जिससे एक “कार्यकारी साम्राज्य” जैसी स्थिति बन सकती है।


आर्थिक असर: अमेरिका और दुनिया दोनों पर दबाव

कानूनी लड़ाई जारी रहते हुए भी, ट्रंप की नीति का असर हर जगह दिख रहा है:

  • अमेरिकी उपभोक्ता अब अधिक महंगी वस्तुएं खरीद रहे हैं — कारों से लेकर इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स और खाद्य पदार्थों तक — जिससे 2025 में GDP वृद्धि दर में अनुमानित 0.6–0.7% की गिरावट आई है।

  • व्यापारिक साझेदार देशों ने जवाबी कार्रवाई की है: चीन ने अमेरिकी वस्तुओं पर 125% तक टैरिफ़ लगाए; कनाडा और मैक्सिको ने अरबों डॉलर के अमेरिकी उत्पादों पर शुल्क बढ़ाए।

  • वैश्विक आपूर्ति श्रृंखला असंतुलित हो गई है, क्योंकि कंपनियां उत्पादन को वियतनाम और इंडोनेशिया जैसे देशों की ओर मोड़ रही हैं।

ट्रंप समर्थक कहते हैं कि इन कदमों से अमेरिका की औद्योगिक शक्ति बहाल हो रही है, जबकि आलोचक इसे आर्थिक आत्मघाती नीति बताते हैं — 1930 के Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act जैसी स्थिति पैदा होने की चेतावनी देते हुए।


संवैधानिक प्रश्न: अनुच्छेद I बनाम “सम्राट राष्ट्रपति”

अमेरिकी संविधान ने टैरिफ़ लगाने का अधिकार कांग्रेस को इसलिए दिया था ताकि कोई राष्ट्रपति अकेले “आर्थिक युद्ध” न छेड़ सके। लेकिन ट्रंप द्वारा IEEPA के तहत वैश्विक टैरिफ़ थोपना उसी संतुलन को चुनौती देता है।

कानूनी विशेषज्ञों — जैसे Cato Institute, Tax Foundation और American Enterprise Institute — का कहना है कि अगर कोर्ट ट्रंप की कार्रवाई को सही ठहराता है, तो यह भविष्य के राष्ट्रपतियों को “एक-व्यक्ति कांग्रेस” बना देगा।

यदि कोर्ट कांग्रेस के पक्ष में फैसला देता है, तो यह न केवल व्यापार नीति बल्कि आव्रजन, प्रतिबंधों और राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा जैसे क्षेत्रों में भी कार्यकारी शक्तियों की सीमाएं तय कर देगा।


वैश्विक असर: टैरिफ़ से भरोसे तक

अमेरिका के सहयोगी — जैसे कनाडा, जापान, जर्मनी — इस अस्थिर नीति से चिंतित हैं। वे चेतावनी दे रहे हैं कि टैरिफ़ में ऐसी उथल-पुथल अमेरिका की “विश्वसनीय साझेदार” की छवि को नुकसान पहुँचा रही है।

वहीं, उभरते हुए देश इसे “दोहरा मानदंड” मानते हैं — एक ओर अमेरिका मुक्त व्यापार का प्रचार करता है, दूसरी ओर सुरक्षा के नाम पर वही दीवारें खड़ी करता है जिन्हें उसने खुद गिराने में दशकों लगाए।


बड़ी तस्वीर: सत्ता की राजनीति बनाम आर्थिक वास्तविकता

सीनेट का यह प्रतिरोध शायद तुरंत नीति नहीं बदलेगा, लेकिन यह एक संकेत है कि अमेरिका का राजनीतिक तंत्र अब ट्रंप के “टैरिफ़ युद्धों” से थक चुका है।

एक वरिष्ठ रिपब्लिकन सलाहकार ने गोपनीयता की शर्त पर कहा —

“हमने दुनिया की व्यापार व्यवस्था बनाई थी। अब हम उसे खुद ही जला रहे हैं — एक राष्ट्रपति आदेश के साथ।”

ट्रंप अब भी डटे हुए हैं। “हम व्यापार युद्ध जीत रहे हैं,” उन्होंने एयर फ़ोर्स वन में सवार होते हुए कहा। “सीनेट चाहे जितना वोट करे — अब अमेरिका नियंत्रण में है।”

लेकिन जैसे-जैसे सुप्रीम कोर्ट की सुनवाई नज़दीक आ रही है, दुनिया यह देख रही है —
क्या यह अमेरिका का अंतिम टैरिफ़ युद्ध होगा, या एक स्थायी कार्यकारी व्यापार युग की शुरुआत?


मुख्य निष्कर्ष

  • सीनेट का वोट प्रतीकात्मक है लेकिन संवैधानिक रूप से महत्वपूर्ण, यह द्विदलीय असंतोष को दर्शाता है।

  • सुप्रीम कोर्ट का आने वाला फैसला कार्यकारी शक्ति की सीमाओं को पुनर्परिभाषित कर सकता है।

  • आर्थिक दबाव बढ़ रहा है, उपभोक्ता कीमतों में वृद्धि और अंतरराष्ट्रीय प्रतिशोध के रूप में।

  • यह संकट इस सदी की बड़ी बहस को उजागर करता है: लोकतंत्र बनाम एकतरफा कार्यकारी सत्ता।




30: Trade War: Lost?

How We Lost the Trade War Tariff uncertainty may be waning, but the damage will persist ............ A little over six months ago Donald Trump shocked the world by announcing a huge jump in tariffs, to levels not seen since the 1930s. Most of these tariffs were clearly illegal and have been so ruled by lower courts — but it’s anyone’s guess how an extremely submissive Supreme Court will rule. .............. With his plunging poll numbers at home ......... even within the Republican Party, his tariff policies are in trouble, with 52 Senators voting against the Brazil tariffs and farm-state Senators showing anxiety over China’s moratorium on American soybean purchases. .......... we may be reaching peak Trump tariffs. ............ Trump’s chaotic tariff policies inflicted three types of economic damage: higher prices for American producers and consumers, economic uncertainty, and the global loss of American credibility. Even if the worst in terms of prices and uncertainty is over, it’s clear that Trump’s tariffs have inflicted lasting damage on the US economy as well as the global economic order. ........ a significant bump in the prices of imported goods, especially compared with their declining trend BT (before Trump). In a new paper, the Pricing Lab analyzes its data and estimates that the Trump tariffs have raised overall consumer prices by 0.7 percent. ........ The Trump administration would like you to believe that foreigners are paying the tariffs. ........ foreigners have not, in fact, absorbed any significant share of the tariffs. ........... U.S. businesses are holding back on raising prices, absorbing the cost rather than passing it on to consumers. Since this can’t go on forever, that would suggest considerably more inflation in the pipeline. .......... the jump in tariffs has been much smaller in practice than on paper ......... Why have tariffs lagged in practice? Trump’s tariff scheme is wildly complex, with very different rates depending on which good is being imported from which country. This creates a lot of opportunities for importers to hold down what they pay by managing to get their products reclassified. ..........

Even under the Trump tariffs, most goods from Canada can enter duty-free if they’re “USMCA compliant”

— that is, they qualified for zero tariffs under the free-trade agreement formerly known as NAFTA, rebranded but barely changed in practice during Trump’s first term. ................ In 2024, only 38 percent of U.S. imports from Canada entered under the USMCA. ....... In June 2025, 81 percent of imports from Canada entered duty free. Not incidentally, this points to a hidden cost of the tariffs: Companies are incurring significant administrative costs to deal with a vastly more complex tariff system. ............. Goods from countries that are the subject of high tariffs may be laundered, transshipped via countries facing lower tariffs. Exporters may find ways to relabel what they sell, to qualify for lower rates. There’s surely some fraud involved — how could there not be, given the incentives? — but in any case the bottom line is that in practice tariffs haven’t gone up as much as you might have thought. And I don’t see any obvious reason to believe that tariff avoidance will go away. It will probably be a quasi-permanent feature of the system. ........... The Trump tariffs were supposed to bring about a revival of U.S. manufacturing. That’s obviously not happening so far: Manufacturing employment is down, partly because some of Trump’s tariffs, notably on steel and aluminum, have substantially raised producers’ costs .................... The most striking thing about the labor market, however, isn’t large-scale job loss. It is, instead, the way the market has frozen, with very low rates of hiring. .............. wage gains have slowed sharply across the board, with young workers seeing the slowest wage growth since 2011. Against the background of accelerating inflation, this is a serious blow to U.S. workers. ........... Trump’s Asia tour appears likely to yield some stability in the tariff picture, with America reducing some of the extremely high tariffs it has imposed or threatened to impose, while Asian nations make vague promises to invest in the United States and buy more U.S. products. .............. Soon, I expect,

Trump will be declaring victory after performing a climb-down on tariffs and touting make-believe investment numbers.

He will proclaim that he won the trade war. Well, he didn’t. ........... The main benefit from these deals (assuming they happen and last for a while), is that the United States will stop hitting itself in the face. U.S. consumers, producers and workers have been the main victims of Trump’s tariffs. We could have achieved victory by not hitting ourselves in the face in the first place. ............ ........ these deals cannot fix the more profound damage that six months of tariff madness has inflicted: the incalculable damage to U.S. credibility and, with it, to the global world economic order. ............. First, everything — everything — Trump has done on trade has, in addition to its illegality, been a violation of past U.S. agreements with other countries. So we emerge from the trade war as a nation that can no longer be trusted to honor its promises. ............ Second,

if we look at the confrontation with China in particular, the end result looks like a demonstration of U.S. weakness and Chinese strength.

China may offer some cosmetic concessions, promising to buy some soybeans or whatever. But the reality — which is obvious to everyone in the world except, possibly, some U.S. voters — is that Trump threatened extremely high tariffs on China but climbed down when China began curtailing exports of rare earths and other industrial inputs. China had the upper hand, and it played it. .................... China is now clearly winning its geopolitical conflict with the United States. America used to be able to count on support from its democratic allies. Now it has alienated them, and established a reputation for arbitrarily reneging on agreements. America used to have unmatched economic leverage. Now the world knows that China has more.

The Five Ingredients of Zohran’s Secret Sauce Anyone who wants to lead America out of the Trumpian darkness can do so with these ......... and have seen some who are slick, some who are clever, some who are witty, some who are stiff, but rarely have I come across someone with as much authenticity as Mamdani. ............. his focus is indisputable and his ideas are clear and understandable. .......... He doesn’t hesitate to say he’ll raise taxes on the wealthy to pay for what average working people need. You might think this would be standard fare for Democrats, but it’s not. ............. New York City’s nearly four-decade-old clean elections system that matches small-dollar donations with public money, Mamdani has had nearly $13 million of government funds to run a campaign against tens of millions of dollars that corporate and Wall Street Democrats — and plenty of Republicans — have spent to boost Democratic former governor Andrew Cuomo. We need such public financing across the nation. ............

At a time when so many of us are drenched in the daily darkness of Trump, Mamdani’s positivity feels like sunshine. It lifts one up. It makes politics almost joyful.

......... his remarkable cheerfulness. Watch his face during our discussion. He smiled or laughed much of the time. This wasn’t empty-headed euphoria or “morning in America” campaign rubbish. It’s directly connected to a thoughtfulness that’s rare in a politician, especially one nearing the end of a campaign — who’s had to answer the same questions hundreds if not thousands of times. He exudes a buoyancy and hope that’s infectious. It’s

the opposite of the scowling Trump.

Formula For Peace In Ukraine
Peace For Taiwan Is Possible
A Reorganized UN: Built From Ground Up
Rethinking Trade: A Blueprint for a Just Global Economy

Formula For Peace In Ukraine
Peace For Taiwan Is Possible
A Reorganized UN: Built From Ground Up
Rethinking Trade: A Blueprint for a Just Global Economy

Formula For Peace In Ukraine
Peace For Taiwan Is Possible
A Reorganized UN: Built From Ground Up
Rethinking Trade: A Blueprint for a Just Global Economy

Formula For Peace In Ukraine
Peace For Taiwan Is Possible
A Reorganized UN: Built From Ground Up
Rethinking Trade: A Blueprint for a Just Global Economy