Saturday, May 10, 2025

India And Pakistan Now Must Move Towards Lasting Peace

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To move toward lasting peace after the May 10, 2025, ceasefire, India and Pakistan can take concrete steps to build trust, foster dialogue, and address structural issues, particularly Pakistan’s internal coordination challenges and support for terrorism. The following outlines actionable measures, focusing on neutral peace talks, international involvement, and mechanisms to ensure Pakistan’s state, military, and Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) align in renouncing terrorism, without referencing the specific regional dispute.

1. Peace Talks in Neutral Territory
  • Venue and Facilitation: Convene sustained peace talks in a neutral country, such as Switzerland, Singapore, or the United Arab Emirates, to ensure impartiality. These talks should be hosted by a mutually respected international body, like the United Nations or a coalition of neutral states (e.g., Norway, Sweden, or Oman), to provide logistical support and mediation expertise.
  • Structured Agenda: Establish a clear agenda prioritizing confidence-building measures (CBMs), such as trade normalization, cultural exchanges, and people-to-people initiatives. Regular dialogues at the foreign minister and bureaucratic levels should follow to maintain momentum.
  • Track-II Diplomacy: Encourage non-governmental dialogues involving academics, retired diplomats, and business leaders from both nations to generate ideas and reduce public hostility, feeding into official talks.
2. International Community Involvement
  • Multilateral Oversight: Engage a coalition of global and regional powers—such as the U.S., China, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and the European Union—to act as guarantors of the peace process. These stakeholders can provide diplomatic pressure, economic incentives, and technical expertise to ensure compliance.
  • Economic Incentives: Leverage international institutions like the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, or Asian Development Bank to offer economic aid or trade benefits tied to verifiable peace milestones. For instance, infrastructure projects or energy cooperation could be funded to benefit both nations.
  • Monitoring Mechanisms: Establish an international monitoring group, potentially under UN auspices, to oversee ceasefire adherence and progress on agreed CBMs. This group could include representatives from neutral countries and regional organizations like the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, of which both India and Pakistan are members.
3. Addressing Pakistan’s Internal Coordination and Terrorism
  • Unified Pakistani Commitment: Pakistan must demonstrate a cohesive policy across its government, military, and ISI to sever all ties with terrorist organizations. This requires:
    • Public Pledge: A formal, verifiable commitment from Pakistan’s civilian leadership, military, and ISI to dismantle support networks for terrorism, including funding, training, and safe havens.
    • Legislative Reforms: Enact domestic laws criminalizing any state or non-state support for terrorism, with transparent enforcement mechanisms.
    • Internal Coordination Body: Create a high-level Pakistani task force, comprising civilian, military, and ISI representatives, to align policies and actions. This body should report progress to both domestic and international stakeholders.
  • International Verification Mechanisms:
    • Independent Audits: Invite a UN-led or multilateral team to monitor Pakistan’s compliance in dismantling terrorist networks. This could involve regular inspections, financial tracking, and intelligence-sharing agreements.
    • Counter-Terrorism Cooperation: Establish a bilateral India-Pakistan counter-terrorism working group, supported by international experts, to share intelligence and coordinate actions against terrorist groups. This group could operate under the aegis of an international body to ensure neutrality.
    • Capacity Building: Seek technical assistance from countries with expertise in counter-terrorism (e.g., the U.S., UK, or Israel) to reform Pakistan’s security apparatus, ensuring the ISI and military align with civilian-led anti-terrorism policies.
  • Sanctions and Incentives: The international community should tie economic aid, debt relief, or military assistance to Pakistan’s verifiable progress in ending terrorism support. Conversely, targeted sanctions on individuals or entities undermining this commitment could be imposed by global powers.
4. Building Trust and Accountability
  • Transparency Measures: Both nations should agree to regular, public updates on ceasefire adherence and peace talk outcomes to build domestic and international confidence. Media access to neutral talk venues could counter misinformation.
  • Hotline Mechanisms: Strengthen existing military and diplomatic hotlines to prevent misunderstandings during crises. Regular flag meetings between border forces can reinforce local-level trust.
  • Civil Society Engagement: Promote joint initiatives, such as academic exchanges, sports events, or virtual dialogues, to reduce public animosity and create constituencies for peace in both countries.
5. Long-Term Institutional Frameworks
  • Regional Cooperation: Revitalize platforms like the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) to embed India-Pakistan peace efforts in a broader regional context, focusing on shared challenges like climate change or pandemics.
  • Bilateral Treaty: Work toward a formal peace agreement codifying commitments to non-aggression, counter-terrorism, and dispute resolution. International guarantors could endorse this treaty to ensure compliance.
  • Dispute Resolution Body: Establish a permanent bilateral commission, with international observers, to address future tensions through dialogue rather than escalation.
Role of the International Community
The international community’s involvement is critical to incentivize and enforce these steps. Major powers and institutions can:
  • Provide funding and expertise for counter-terrorism reforms in Pakistan.
  • Mediate disputes during peace talks to prevent breakdowns.
  • Offer economic rewards, such as trade access or infrastructure investment, to both nations for sustained progress.
  • Apply diplomatic pressure to ensure Pakistan’s state, military, and ISI act in unison against terrorism.
Challenges and Mitigation
  • Pakistan’s Internal Fragmentation: The lack of alignment between Pakistan’s civilian government, military, and ISI remains a hurdle. International oversight and domestic reforms, coupled with economic incentives, can pressure these entities to unify.
  • Domestic Political Resistance: Hardline factions in both countries may oppose peace efforts. Public diplomacy campaigns and civil society engagement can build broader support.
  • Trust Deficit: Decades of hostility necessitate small, verifiable steps to build confidence, with international guarantees to reassure both sides.
By pursuing neutral peace talks, leveraging international support, and establishing robust mechanisms to ensure Pakistan’s unified commitment against terrorism, India and Pakistan can transition from a fragile ceasefire to a durable peace. These steps require sustained political will, transparency, and global cooperation to succeed.



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