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Showing posts with label Human rights. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Human rights. Show all posts

Wednesday, February 11, 2026

“Convicted for Being My Father”: Hong Kong’s Article 23 and the Expanding Reach of National Security Law



“Convicted for Being My Father”: Hong Kong’s Article 23 and the Expanding Reach of National Security Law

On February 11, 2026, a Hong Kong magistrates’ court delivered a verdict that may prove more consequential than the relatively modest sum at the center of the case. Kwok Yin-sang, 69, father of U.S.-based Hong Kong democracy activist Anna Kwok, was convicted for attempting to deal with the financial assets of an “absconder” under Hong Kong’s newly enacted Article 23 national security legislation.

The case concerns an education savings insurance policy worth approximately HK$88,609 (around US$11,300). But the symbolic weight of the ruling far exceeds the monetary value involved. It marks the first conviction under Article 23’s provisions criminalizing the handling of assets belonging to individuals designated as fugitives under national security law.

For Anna Kwok, the meaning was blunt and personal. On X (formerly Twitter), she wrote:

“Today, my father was convicted simply for being my father.”

She characterized the verdict as “hostage taking” and “transnational repression,” arguing that Hong Kong authorities were weaponizing family ties to retaliate against her activism abroad.


The Legal Framework: Article 23’s Expanding Reach

Article 23, enacted in 2024, supplements the sweeping National Security Law (NSL) imposed on Hong Kong by Beijing in 2020 following the 2019 pro-democracy protests. While the 2020 NSL criminalized secession, subversion, terrorism, and collusion with foreign forces, Article 23 deepened and localized enforcement mechanisms.

Among its provisions: it is illegal to “directly or indirectly” deal with funds or assets belonging to an “absconder”—a term applied to individuals who have fled Hong Kong and are wanted for national security offenses.

Anna Kwok, 27, executive director of the Washington-based Hong Kong Democracy Council (HKDC), has been wanted by Hong Kong authorities since 2023. She carries a HK$1 million bounty (approximately US$128,000). Authorities accuse her of colluding with foreign forces, advocating sanctions, and engaging in hostile activities such as meeting foreign politicians.

She is one of 34 overseas activists publicly targeted in this manner—a signal that exile no longer guarantees insulation from Hong Kong’s legal reach.

Article 23’s asset provisions introduce a new dimension: financial and familial pressure.


The Case Against Kwok Yin-sang

Prosecutors argued that in April 2025, Kwok Yin-sang attempted to terminate an education savings insurance policy originally purchased in 1999 for his then-toddler daughter. He had paid the premiums; when Anna turned 18, she gained control of the policy.

Authorities contended that when he sought to cancel the policy in 2025, he knew his daughter had been declared a fugitive under national security law. Under Article 23, even indirect handling of an absconder’s assets is illegal.

During police questioning, Kwok reportedly acknowledged awareness that his daughter was wanted. He also said he had paid for the insurance and sought to cancel it because she was no longer in Hong Kong.

He pleaded not guilty and did not testify at trial.

Acting Principal Magistrate Cheng Lim-chi ruled that he must have known his daughter’s status and that attempting to handle the policy violated the law.

The charge carries a maximum penalty of seven years in prison. Magistrates’ courts typically cap sentences at two years. His defense lawyer, Steven Kwan, requested a lenient 14-day sentence, arguing that family ties alone should not trigger national security provisions and that no evidence showed funds were intended for Anna.

Sentencing is scheduled for February 26, 2026.

Kwok Yin-sang was initially denied bail but later granted it by the High Court under strict conditions, including a travel ban and prohibition on contacting his daughter.


Family as Leverage: A New Phase

Critics argue that the conviction signals a new tactical frontier: the use of “blood ties” as leverage.

In a December 2025 thread, Anna described spending holidays like Mid-Autumn Festival and Winter Solstice anxiously awaiting updates from afar. She wrote of glimpsing her father’s condition only through press photos. The legal restrictions prevented direct contact.

She called the case the regime’s first formal use of family ties as a tool of transnational repression.

The metaphor that comes to mind is not merely legal enforcement—it is the extension of a shadow. When activists leave, the shadow remains behind, cast over parents, siblings, and relatives who never mounted a protest sign nor addressed a foreign legislature.

This approach mirrors tactics long documented in mainland China, where relatives of dissidents have faced travel bans, employment pressure, or detention. The Hong Kong case suggests convergence between mainland methods and the city’s once-distinct legal system.


The Broader Crackdown

The conviction sits within a larger transformation of Hong Kong’s political landscape.

Since 2020:

  • Over 1,900 individuals have been detained on political charges, according to pro-democracy groups.

  • Major opposition parties have disbanded.

  • Independent media outlets have shuttered.

  • Electoral reforms have ensured that only “patriots” may govern.

Authorities argue these steps restored stability after the turmoil of 2019. Officials consistently frame national security measures as essential for safeguarding sovereignty and economic confidence.

Critics, however, view the trajectory as the systematic dismantling of the “One Country, Two Systems” framework promised during Hong Kong’s 1997 handover from Britain to China.

The Kwok case intensifies concerns that the enforcement model is shifting outward—beyond borders and into diasporic communities.


International Reverberations

The case has drawn strong international reaction.

Human Rights Watch described the conviction as “cruel and vindictive.” Amnesty International called it a “dangerous precedent.” U.N. Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders Mary Lawlor expressed outrage, describing the case as retaliation for exile-based advocacy.

The U.S. Congressional-Executive Commission on China (CECC) condemned the verdict as intimidation. The case unfolds against a backdrop of escalating sanctions: in 2025, the United States sanctioned six Chinese and Hong Kong officials over alleged transnational repression. Beijing retaliated with sanctions of its own.

Anna Kwok has called on the U.S. Congress to pass the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices (HKETO) Certification Act and urged sanctions against Hong Kong officials ahead of a high-profile Trump–Xi meeting.

In this geopolitical chess match, even a small insurance policy becomes a pawn.


The Information War

Online discourse around the case reflects sharp polarization.

Pro-China accounts accused Anna of causing her father’s arrest by seeking foreign funds and portrayed her as selfish or traitorous. Some suggested that U.S. funding sources such as USAID had dried up, implying financial motives behind the attempted policy cancellation.

Anna denied any financial transactions and called the charges “fabricated, baseless, and incoherent fiction.” She emphasized she had never owned the policy nor sought funds from her father.

In the digital age, courtrooms are no longer the sole arena. X threads, state media narratives, and diaspora networks form parallel battlegrounds of legitimacy.


Stability vs. Suppression: Competing Narratives

At the heart of this case lies a fundamental dispute over definitions.

From Beijing and Hong Kong’s official perspective, national security law is a firewall against foreign interference. After 2019’s upheaval, they argue, order had to be restored, loopholes closed, sovereignty defended.

From the perspective of activists and human rights groups, these laws have become instruments to extinguish dissent—inside and outside Hong Kong.

Article 23’s asset provisions crystallize the tension. Is freezing or restricting access to financial instruments of fugitives a normal sovereign act? Or does prosecuting a father over a decades-old savings policy cross into collective punishment?

International law generally rejects collective punishment. But governments worldwide employ asset freezes against sanctioned individuals. The debate hinges on proportionality, intent, and due process.


A Turning Point?

The conviction of Kwok Yin-sang may represent a threshold moment. Not because of its severity, but because of its symbolism.

It suggests that exile does not sever legal vulnerability—not only for activists, but for their families.

The message, critics argue, is deterrence through intimacy: If you cannot silence the activist abroad, apply pressure at home.

Yet there is another possibility. History shows that repression can harden resolve. Anna Kwok responded:

“Weaponizing my love for my family will not limit my love for Hong Kong.”

In that sentence lies the paradox. Love becomes both the instrument of pressure and the source of defiance.


The Road Ahead

Sentencing on February 26 will determine the immediate consequences for Kwok Yin-sang. But the broader implications are already unfolding.

Will more relatives of overseas activists face similar charges? Will Western governments escalate sanctions? Will multinational businesses reassess legal risk exposure in Hong Kong? Will the diaspora grow more cautious—or more vocal?

Hong Kong once marketed itself as Asia’s World City—a place where global finance and rule of law intertwined. Today, its legal system is being reinterpreted through the lens of national security.

The insurance policy at the center of this case was meant to fund education—a future investment. Instead, it has become a test case for how far national security law extends into private life.

In geopolitics, as in family, lines once thought sacred can blur. And when law enters the living room, the consequences are rarely confined to the courtroom.




“सिर्फ मेरा पिता होने के कारण दोषी ठहराया गया”: हांगकांग के आर्टिकल 23 और राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा कानून का विस्तृत दायरा

11 फरवरी 2026 को हांगकांग की एक मजिस्ट्रेट अदालत ने ऐसा फैसला सुनाया, जिसका महत्व उस अपेक्षाकृत छोटी राशि से कहीं अधिक है, जो इस मामले के केंद्र में थी। 69 वर्षीय क्वोक यिन-सांग—अमेरिका स्थित हांगकांग लोकतंत्र समर्थक कार्यकर्ता अन्ना क्वोक के पिता—को आर्टिकल 23 के तहत एक “फरार” व्यक्ति की संपत्ति से संबंधित लेनदेन करने का प्रयास करने के लिए दोषी ठहराया गया।

मामला लगभग HK$88,609 (करीब 11,300 अमेरिकी डॉलर) की एक शिक्षा बचत बीमा पॉलिसी से जुड़ा है। लेकिन इस फैसले का प्रतीकात्मक महत्व इस रकम से कहीं अधिक है। यह आर्टिकल 23 के तहत “फरार” घोषित व्यक्तियों की संपत्तियों के प्रबंधन को अपराध घोषित करने वाले प्रावधान के अंतर्गत पहली सजा है।

अन्ना क्वोक के लिए यह मामला बेहद व्यक्तिगत था। उन्होंने X (पूर्व में ट्विटर) पर लिखा:

“आज मेरे पिता को सिर्फ मेरा पिता होने के कारण दोषी ठहराया गया।”

उन्होंने इस फैसले को “बंधक बनाना” और “सीमापार दमन” करार दिया, यह आरोप लगाते हुए कि हांगकांग सरकार उनके विदेश में किए जा रहे लोकतांत्रिक प्रयासों के प्रतिशोध में उनके परिवार को निशाना बना रही है।


कानूनी ढांचा: आर्टिकल 23 की विस्तृत पहुंच

आर्टिकल 23, जिसे 2024 में पारित किया गया, 2020 में बीजिंग द्वारा लागू राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा कानून (NSL) का पूरक है। 2020 का कानून अलगाववाद, राजद्रोह, आतंकवाद और विदेशी शक्तियों से सांठगांठ को अपराध घोषित करता है। आर्टिकल 23 ने इन प्रावधानों को और व्यापक तथा स्थानीय स्तर पर अधिक कठोर बनाया।

इसके तहत “फरार” घोषित व्यक्ति की संपत्ति को प्रत्यक्ष या अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से संभालना भी अपराध है।

27 वर्षीय अन्ना क्वोक, जो वॉशिंगटन स्थित हांगकांग डेमोक्रेसी काउंसिल (HKDC) की कार्यकारी निदेशक हैं, 2023 से हांगकांग पुलिस द्वारा वांछित हैं। उनकी गिरफ्तारी पर HK$1 मिलियन (लगभग 1.28 लाख अमेरिकी डॉलर) का इनाम घोषित है। उन पर विदेशी शक्तियों से सांठगांठ और प्रतिबंधों की मांग करने जैसे आरोप हैं।

वह 34 विदेश-स्थित कार्यकर्ताओं में से एक हैं, जिन्हें 2019 के लोकतंत्र समर्थक प्रदर्शनों के बाद निशाना बनाया गया है।

आर्टिकल 23 के वित्तीय प्रावधान इस दमन में एक नया आयाम जोड़ते हैं—परिवार और आर्थिक साधनों पर दबाव।


क्वोक यिन-सांग के खिलाफ मामला

अभियोजन पक्ष का कहना था कि अप्रैल 2025 में क्वोक यिन-सांग ने 1999 में अपनी बेटी के लिए खरीदी गई शिक्षा बचत बीमा पॉलिसी को समाप्त करने का प्रयास किया। उन्होंने वर्षों तक प्रीमियम भरा था; 18 वर्ष की आयु पूरी होने पर पॉलिसी का नियंत्रण अन्ना को मिल गया था।

सरकार का तर्क था कि 2025 में पॉलिसी रद्द करने का प्रयास करते समय उन्हें पता था कि उनकी बेटी राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा कानून के तहत “फरार” घोषित है।

उन्होंने आरोपों से इनकार किया और मुकदमे के दौरान गवाही नहीं दी।

कार्यवाहक प्रधान मजिस्ट्रेट चेंग लिम-ची ने फैसला सुनाया कि उन्हें अपनी बेटी की स्थिति की जानकारी थी और पॉलिसी से संबंधित लेनदेन कानून का उल्लंघन है।

इस अपराध के लिए अधिकतम सात वर्ष की सजा हो सकती है, हालांकि मजिस्ट्रेट अदालतें सामान्यतः दो वर्ष तक की सजा देती हैं। बचाव पक्ष के वकील स्टीवन क्वान ने 14 दिन की हल्की सजा की मांग की, यह कहते हुए कि पारिवारिक संबंधों को राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा अपराध नहीं माना जाना चाहिए।

सजा 26 फरवरी 2026 को सुनाई जाएगी।

उन्हें प्रारंभ में जमानत नहीं मिली, लेकिन बाद में उच्च न्यायालय ने कड़ी शर्तों—यात्रा प्रतिबंध और बेटी से संपर्क निषेध—के साथ जमानत दी।


“रक्त संबंध” के रूप में दबाव का साधन

आलोचकों का कहना है कि यह मामला एक नई रणनीति की ओर इशारा करता है—परिवार को दबाव के साधन के रूप में उपयोग करना।

दिसंबर 2025 में अन्ना ने लिखा कि वह मिड-ऑटम फेस्टिवल और विंटर सॉल्सटिस जैसे त्योहार अदालत की खबरों का इंतजार करते हुए दूर से बिताती रहीं। उन्हें अपने पिता की स्थिति केवल समाचार तस्वीरों के माध्यम से देखने को मिली।

उन्होंने इसे “सीमापार दमन” में रक्त संबंधों के औपचारिक उपयोग का पहला उदाहरण बताया।

यह सिर्फ कानून का प्रवर्तन नहीं—यह छाया का विस्तार है। कार्यकर्ता विदेश चले जाते हैं, लेकिन उनकी छाया घर पर रह जाती है।


व्यापक पृष्ठभूमि

2020 से:

  • 1,900 से अधिक राजनीतिक बंदियों को हिरासत में लिया गया है (कार्यकर्ताओं के अनुसार)

  • प्रमुख विपक्षी दल भंग हो चुके हैं

  • स्वतंत्र मीडिया संस्थान बंद हो चुके हैं

  • चुनावी सुधारों ने केवल “देशभक्तों” को शासन की अनुमति दी है

सरकार का तर्क है कि इन कदमों ने 2019 की अशांति के बाद स्थिरता बहाल की। आलोचकों के अनुसार, यह 1997 में ब्रिटेन से चीन को हस्तांतरण के समय किए गए “एक देश, दो प्रणाली” वादे के क्षरण का प्रतीक है।


अंतरराष्ट्रीय प्रतिक्रिया

ह्यूमन राइट्स वॉच ने इसे “क्रूर और प्रतिशोधात्मक” कहा। एमनेस्टी इंटरनेशनल ने इसे “खतरनाक मिसाल” बताया। संयुक्त राष्ट्र की मानवाधिकार रक्षक विशेष प्रतिवेदक मैरी लॉरल ने भी चिंता व्यक्त की।

2025 में अमेरिका ने छह चीनी और हांगकांग अधिकारियों पर प्रतिबंध लगाए थे, जिनके जवाब में चीन ने भी प्रतिशोधात्मक प्रतिबंध लगाए।

एक छोटी बीमा पॉलिसी अब भू-राजनीतिक शतरंज की बिसात पर एक मोहरा बन चुकी है।


सूचना युद्ध

ऑनलाइन विमर्श तीव्र रूप से विभाजित है। प्र-चीन खातों ने अन्ना को “देशद्रोही” कहा और आरोप लगाया कि उन्होंने विदेशी धन की मांग की। अन्ना ने इन आरोपों को “मनगढ़ंत और निराधार” बताया।

डिजिटल युग में अदालतें अकेला मंच नहीं हैं—सोशल मीडिया भी समानांतर न्यायालय बन चुका है।


स्थिरता बनाम दमन: दो दृष्टिकोण

सरकारी दृष्टिकोण: राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा कानून विदेशी हस्तक्षेप के विरुद्ध सुरक्षा कवच है।
आलोचनात्मक दृष्टिकोण: यह असहमति को कुचलने का उपकरण बन चुका है।

क्या संपत्ति फ्रीज करना संप्रभु अधिकार है?
या परिवार को दंडित करना सामूहिक सजा के समान है?

यही इस विवाद का मूल प्रश्न है।


एक निर्णायक क्षण?

यह मामला प्रतीकात्मक रूप से महत्वपूर्ण है। यह संकेत देता है कि निर्वासन कानूनी जोखिम से पूरी तरह बचाव नहीं है—न कार्यकर्ताओं के लिए, न उनके परिवारों के लिए।

लेकिन इतिहास यह भी दिखाता है कि दमन कभी-कभी संकल्प को और मजबूत कर देता है।

अन्ना ने लिखा:

“मेरे परिवार के प्रति मेरे प्रेम को हथियार बनाना, हांगकांग के प्रति मेरे प्रेम को सीमित नहीं कर सकता।”

प्रेम यहाँ दबाव का साधन भी है और प्रतिरोध की शक्ति भी।


आगे की राह

26 फरवरी की सजा तात्कालिक परिणाम तय करेगी। लेकिन व्यापक प्रभाव पहले ही स्पष्ट हैं।

क्या और परिवार निशाने पर आएंगे?
क्या पश्चिमी देश प्रतिबंध बढ़ाएंगे?
क्या हांगकांग की कानूनी छवि और प्रभावित होगी?

हांगकांग कभी “एशिया का विश्व शहर” कहलाता था—जहाँ वित्त और विधि शासन साथ चलते थे। आज राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा का दृष्टिकोण उसकी न्यायिक पहचान को पुनर्परिभाषित कर रहा है।

जो बीमा पॉलिसी भविष्य की शिक्षा के लिए थी, वह अब निजी जीवन और राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा कानून की सीमा रेखा की परीक्षा बन गई है।

जब कानून बैठक कक्ष तक पहुँच जाता है, तो उसके प्रभाव अदालत की दीवारों से कहीं आगे तक जाते हैं।





Article 23: Hong Kong’s National Security Architecture and the Redefinition of Autonomy

When Hong Kong returned from British to Chinese sovereignty in 1997, the promise was delicate but ambitious: “One Country, Two Systems.” The formula was meant to preserve Hong Kong’s capitalist system, rule of law, and civil liberties for 50 years while affirming Chinese sovereignty.

At the heart of this constitutional arrangement lies Article 23 of Hong Kong’s Basic Law — the city’s mini-constitution. For more than two decades, Article 23 remained a dormant obligation. In 2024, it became law.

The result is the Safeguarding National Security Ordinance, enacted on March 23, 2024 — legislation that has profoundly reshaped Hong Kong’s legal and political landscape.


What Is Article 23?

Article 23 requires the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) to enact laws prohibiting seven categories of conduct that endanger national security:

  1. Treason

  2. Secession

  3. Sedition

  4. Subversion against the Central People’s Government

  5. Theft of state secrets

  6. Foreign political organizations conducting activities in Hong Kong

  7. Local political organizations establishing ties with foreign ones

This constitutional requirement was embedded in the Basic Law at the time of the 1997 handover. The assumption was that Hong Kong would eventually pass its own security legislation tailored to its common law system.

The first serious attempt in 2003 triggered massive public protests — an estimated 500,000 people marched in opposition — leading the government to withdraw the bill.

For two decades, Article 23 remained politically radioactive.

That changed after the 2019 pro-democracy protests and Beijing’s imposition of the National Security Law (NSL) in June 2020.


From 2020 NSL to 2024 Ordinance: Closing the “Gaps”

The 2020 NSL, imposed directly by Beijing, criminalized four broad offenses:

  • Secession

  • Subversion

  • Terrorist activities

  • Collusion with foreign forces

However, Hong Kong authorities argued that the NSL did not fully satisfy Article 23’s constitutional mandate. According to officials, additional legislative “gaps” remained.

Under Chief Executive John Lee, the government moved swiftly in 2024. A public consultation ran from January 30 to February 28, generating over 13,000 submissions. Authorities stated that 98.64% supported the proposal.

The bill was introduced on March 8, 2024, and passed unanimously by the Legislative Council on March 19 — just 11 days later. It came into effect on March 23.

Critics described the process as unusually fast for legislation of such magnitude, particularly given that many opposition voices had already been arrested, disqualified, or had left Hong Kong under earlier crackdowns.

Within its first year, at least 16 individuals were arrested under the ordinance’s sedition provisions — signaling that the law would not remain symbolic.


A Broader Definition of National Security

The Safeguarding National Security Ordinance adopts an expansive understanding of “national security,” aligning closely with mainland China’s framework.

National security is not limited to military threats or violent rebellion. It encompasses:

  • State regime and sovereignty

  • Territorial integrity

  • Political stability

  • Economic and technological development

  • Social order and people’s welfare

  • Sustainable development

In this formulation, national security becomes an ecosystem rather than a single boundary. It covers not just guns and bombs, but ideas, information flows, data systems, and international relationships.


Key Offenses Under the Ordinance

The ordinance adds five new categories to those covered under the 2020 NSL and redefines others.

1. Treason

Includes levying war against the state or assisting enemies during wartime.
Penalty: Up to life imprisonment.
Includes inciting mutiny within armed forces.

2. Insurrection

Covers inciting or participating in riots that endanger national security.
Penalty: Up to 10 years.
Critics argue this could encompass political protest.

3. Sabotage

Criminalizes damaging public infrastructure, transport systems, utilities, or electronic systems with intent to endanger security.
Penalty: Up to 20 years; life imprisonment if lives are endangered.
Includes cyber-related acts conducted via computer systems.
Applies extraterritorially.

4. External Interference

Targets collusion with foreign governments, organizations, or “external forces” to improperly influence Hong Kong affairs.
Includes publishing “false statements” intended to interfere.
Penalty: Up to 14 years (10 years for certain publishing offenses).
This category is among the most controversial due to its broad definition.

5. State Secrets and Espionage

Criminalizes theft, unlawful disclosure, or possession of “state secrets,” defined expansively to include political, economic, technological, and social information certified by the Chief Executive.
Penalty: Up to 10 years; espionage can carry life imprisonment.

6. Sedition

Redefines and expands colonial-era sedition laws.
Criminalizes inciting hatred or disaffection against the government, even without intent to incite violence.
Possession of seditious publications is also criminalized.
Penalty: Up to 7 years (10 if involving external forces).


Enforcement Mechanisms: The Architecture of Control

The ordinance is not only about crimes; it also introduces enhanced enforcement tools.

Extended Pretrial Detention

Police may detain suspects for up to 16 days without charge (previously 48 hours).

Legal Consultation Restrictions

Authorities may restrict access to chosen lawyers if deemed a national security risk.

Absconder Measures

Individuals declared “absconders” can face:

  • Passport cancellation

  • Asset freezes

  • Professional disqualification

  • Business restrictions

These measures can occur without conviction.

Executive Powers

The Chief Executive may enact subsidiary legislation carrying penalties of up to seven years’ imprisonment.

Extraterritorial Reach

Certain offenses apply globally, meaning foreign nationals and overseas residents could theoretically fall within scope.

No Early Release

Convicted persons may be denied parole if deemed contrary to national security.
Lifetime bans from holding public office are possible.


Government Defense: Stability and Sovereignty

Hong Kong and Chinese officials argue that Article 23 fulfills a constitutional obligation long overdue.

Their core arguments include:

  • Every sovereign state has national security laws.

  • The 2019 protests revealed vulnerabilities.

  • Economic confidence depends on stability.

  • The law targets only a small minority.

  • Rights under international covenants remain protected.

  • Ordinary policy criticism and non-political international exchanges are unaffected.

Officials dismiss foreign criticism as politically motivated smears designed to destabilize China.

From this vantage point, Article 23 is not repression — it is reinforcement. It is the legal firewall protecting sovereignty in an era of hybrid warfare and geopolitical rivalry.


Human Rights Concerns: Vagueness and Chilling Effects

Human rights organizations — including Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and UN rapporteurs — raise several concerns:

Vagueness

Terms like “state secrets,” “external forces,” and “improper influence” are broadly defined, potentially encompassing peaceful journalism or advocacy.

Chilling Effect

The fear of crossing undefined boundaries can foster self-censorship among academics, media, NGOs, and businesses.

Due Process

Extended detention powers and restrictions on legal counsel raise concerns about fair trial rights.

Overlap With NSL

The new ordinance overlaps with the 2020 NSL but expands both scope and penalties.

International Standing

Critics warn that the legislation risks undermining Hong Kong’s reputation as a global financial hub grounded in rule of law.

The metaphor often invoked is that of a shrinking civic space — like a room where the walls slowly move inward. No single step collapses the room. But gradually, there is less air.


The Geopolitical Dimension

Article 23 cannot be understood in isolation. It exists within broader geopolitical tension between China and Western democracies.

For Beijing, foreign governments supporting Hong Kong activists represent interference.
For Western governments, sanctions and advocacy represent human rights defense.

Hong Kong thus becomes both city and symbol — a frontline in a wider ideological contest over sovereignty, liberal democracy, and global order.


A Constitutional Fulfillment — or a Systemic Transformation?

Supporters call Article 23 the completion of unfinished constitutional business.
Critics call it the final consolidation of a security state.

Perhaps both views contain truth.

Article 23 fulfills a constitutional mandate written in 1997. Yet its implementation in 2024 occurs in a radically different political climate — after mass protests, arrests of opposition figures, media closures, and electoral restructuring.

The difference between theory and practice often lies in context.


The Future of “One Country, Two Systems”

Hong Kong was once described as a bridge — East meets West, common law meets socialist sovereignty, global finance meets Chinese nationalism.

Article 23 signals that the bridge is being reinforced — or fortified — depending on perspective.

Is this a protective seawall guarding against instability?
Or is it a narrowing corridor where dissent has less room to breathe?

The answer depends on one’s political philosophy — and perhaps on where one stands.

What is clear is this: Article 23 marks a decisive chapter in Hong Kong’s constitutional evolution. The city that once balanced competing systems is now recalibrating the balance.

Whether that recalibration ensures long-term stability or accelerates global estrangement remains one of the defining questions of the decade.


यह रहा आपके लेख का हिंदी अनुवाद — शैली, विश्लेषणात्मक गहराई और रूपकात्मक प्रवाह को बनाए रखते हुए:


आर्टिकल 23: हांगकांग की राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा संरचना और स्वायत्तता की नई परिभाषा

जब 1997 में हांगकांग ब्रिटिश शासन से चीनी संप्रभुता में लौटा, तब वादा नाज़ुक लेकिन महत्वाकांक्षी था: “एक देश, दो प्रणाली।”
इस सूत्र का उद्देश्य था कि हांगकांग की पूंजीवादी व्यवस्था, विधि का शासन (Rule of Law) और नागरिक स्वतंत्रताएँ 50 वर्षों तक बरकरार रहें, जबकि चीन की संप्रभुता सुनिश्चित हो।

इसी संवैधानिक व्यवस्था के केंद्र में है आर्टिकल 23, जो हांगकांग के बेसिक लॉ — शहर के लघु संविधान — का हिस्सा है। दो दशकों से अधिक समय तक यह प्रावधान निष्क्रिय रहा।

2024 में यह कानून बन गया।

23 मार्च 2024 को पारित सुरक्षा राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा अध्यादेश (Safeguarding National Security Ordinance) ने हांगकांग के कानूनी और राजनीतिक परिदृश्य को गहराई से बदल दिया।


आर्टिकल 23 क्या है?

आर्टिकल 23 हांगकांग विशेष प्रशासनिक क्षेत्र (HKSAR) को सात प्रकार के ऐसे कृत्यों को प्रतिबंधित करने के लिए अपने स्वयं के कानून बनाने का दायित्व देता है, जो राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा को खतरे में डालते हैं:

  1. राजद्रोह (Treason)

  2. अलगाववाद (Secession)

  3. राजद्रोहात्मक उकसावा (Sedition)

  4. केंद्रीय जन सरकार के विरुद्ध विद्रोह (Subversion)

  5. राज्य रहस्यों की चोरी

  6. विदेशी राजनीतिक संगठनों की हांगकांग में गतिविधियाँ

  7. स्थानीय राजनीतिक संगठनों के विदेशी संगठनों से संबंध

यह दायित्व 1997 के हस्तांतरण के समय बेसिक लॉ में शामिल किया गया था। धारणा यह थी कि हांगकांग अपने कॉमन लॉ ढाँचे के अनुरूप राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा कानून स्वयं बनाएगा।

2003 में ऐसा करने का पहला गंभीर प्रयास हुआ, लेकिन अनुमानित 5 लाख लोगों के विरोध प्रदर्शन के बाद प्रस्ताव वापस लेना पड़ा।

दो दशकों तक आर्टिकल 23 राजनीतिक रूप से “विषाक्त” बना रहा।

2019 के लोकतंत्र समर्थक प्रदर्शनों और 2020 में बीजिंग द्वारा राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा कानून (NSL) लागू किए जाने के बाद स्थिति बदल गई।


2020 का NSL और 2024 का अध्यादेश: “खामियों” को भरना

2020 का राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा कानून चार अपराधों को परिभाषित करता था:

  • अलगाववाद

  • विद्रोह

  • आतंकवादी गतिविधियाँ

  • विदेशी शक्तियों से सांठगांठ

लेकिन अधिकारियों के अनुसार, यह आर्टिकल 23 की पूरी संवैधानिक आवश्यकता को पूरा नहीं करता था। कुछ “कानूनी रिक्तियाँ” शेष थीं।

मुख्य कार्यकारी जॉन ली के नेतृत्व में 2024 में प्रक्रिया तेज़ी से आगे बढ़ी।
30 जनवरी से 28 फरवरी 2024 तक सार्वजनिक परामर्श चला, जिसमें 13,000 से अधिक प्रस्तुतियाँ मिलीं। सरकार ने दावा किया कि 98.64% ने प्रस्ताव का समर्थन किया।

8 मार्च को विधेयक पेश हुआ, 19 मार्च को सर्वसम्मति से पारित हुआ — मात्र 11 दिनों में।
23 मार्च 2024 से यह प्रभावी हो गया।

आलोचकों ने इसे अत्यंत शीघ्र और सीमित बहस वाला बताया, विशेषकर तब जब विपक्षी आवाजें पहले ही गिरफ्तार या निर्वासित हो चुकी थीं।

पहले वर्ष में ही कम से कम 16 लोगों को देशद्रोह (Sedition) से संबंधित प्रावधानों के तहत गिरफ्तार किया गया।


राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा की विस्तृत परिभाषा

यह अध्यादेश राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा की परिभाषा को व्यापक बनाता है, जो मुख्यभूमि चीन की अवधारणा के अनुरूप है।

राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा केवल सैन्य खतरे नहीं, बल्कि शामिल करती है:

  • राज्य व्यवस्था और संप्रभुता

  • क्षेत्रीय अखंडता

  • राजनीतिक स्थिरता

  • आर्थिक और तकनीकी विकास

  • सामाजिक व्यवस्था

  • सतत विकास

इस ढाँचे में राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा एक पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र बन जाती है — जिसमें विचार, सूचना, डेटा, और अंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंध भी शामिल हैं।


प्रमुख अपराध

1. राजद्रोह (Treason)

राज्य के खिलाफ युद्ध छेड़ना या युद्धकाल में शत्रु की सहायता करना।
दंड: आजीवन कारावास तक।

2. विद्रोह (Insurrection)

राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा को खतरे में डालने वाले दंगों में भाग लेना या उकसाना।
दंड: 10 वर्ष तक।

3. तोड़फोड़ (Sabotage)

सार्वजनिक अवसंरचना, परिवहन, या इलेक्ट्रॉनिक प्रणालियों को नुकसान पहुँचाना।
दंड: 20 वर्ष तक; गंभीर मामलों में आजीवन कारावास।
साइबर अपराध भी शामिल।

4. बाहरी हस्तक्षेप (External Interference)

विदेशी सरकारों या “बाहरी शक्तियों” के साथ अनुचित प्रभाव के लिए सहयोग।
दंड: 14 वर्ष तक।
“झूठे बयान” प्रकाशित करना भी शामिल।

5. राज्य रहस्य और जासूसी

राज्य रहस्यों की चोरी या खुलासा।
राज्य रहस्य की परिभाषा व्यापक है — आर्थिक, तकनीकी, सामाजिक जानकारी भी शामिल।
दंड: 10 वर्ष तक; जासूसी के लिए आजीवन कारावास।

6. देशद्रोह (Sedition)

सरकार के प्रति घृणा या असंतोष भड़काना, भले ही हिंसा का इरादा न हो।
दंड: 7 वर्ष (बाहरी शक्तियों से जुड़ा होने पर 10 वर्ष तक)।


प्रवर्तन तंत्र

लंबी हिरासत

बिना आरोप के 16 दिन तक हिरासत (पहले 48 घंटे)।

वकील तक पहुंच पर प्रतिबंध

यदि राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा खतरे में हो तो।

“फरार” व्यक्तियों पर कार्रवाई

  • पासपोर्ट रद्द

  • संपत्ति फ्रीज

  • पेशेवर प्रतिबंध

कार्यकारी शक्तियाँ

मुख्य कार्यकारी सहायक नियम बना सकते हैं जिनमें 7 वर्ष तक की सजा हो।

वैश्विक प्रभाव

कुछ अपराधों का क्षेत्राधिकार हांगकांग से बाहर भी लागू हो सकता है।

पैरोल प्रतिबंध

राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा के प्रतिकूल होने पर प्रारंभिक रिहाई नहीं।


सरकार का पक्ष: स्थिरता और संप्रभुता

सरकार का तर्क है:

  • हर देश के पास राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा कानून होते हैं।

  • 2019 की घटनाओं ने कमजोरियाँ उजागर कीं।

  • आर्थिक स्थिरता के लिए सुरक्षा आवश्यक है।

  • कानून केवल अल्पसंख्यक खतरों को लक्षित करता है।

उनके अनुसार यह दमन नहीं, बल्कि सुरक्षा कवच है।


मानवाधिकार चिंताएँ

मानवाधिकार संगठनों ने चिंता जताई है:

  • अस्पष्ट शब्दावली

  • आत्म-सेंसरशिप का खतरा

  • निष्पक्ष न्याय प्रक्रिया पर प्रश्न

  • अंतरराष्ट्रीय वित्तीय केंद्र की प्रतिष्ठा पर प्रभाव

रूपक में कहें तो नागरिक स्थान एक ऐसे कमरे जैसा है जिसकी दीवारें धीरे-धीरे भीतर आ रही हों।


भू-राजनीतिक आयाम

आर्टिकल 23 चीन और पश्चिमी लोकतंत्रों के बीच व्यापक वैचारिक संघर्ष का हिस्सा है।

बीजिंग इसे विदेशी हस्तक्षेप के विरुद्ध सुरक्षा मानता है।
पश्चिम इसे मानवाधिकारों पर आघात के रूप में देखता है।

हांगकांग एक शहर से अधिक — एक प्रतीक बन चुका है।


संवैधानिक दायित्व या प्रणालीगत परिवर्तन?

समर्थकों के अनुसार यह 1997 की अधूरी संवैधानिक प्रक्रिया का समापन है।
आलोचकों के अनुसार यह सुरक्षा राज्य की पूर्ण स्थापना है।

दोनों में कुछ सच्चाई हो सकती है।


“एक देश, दो प्रणाली” का भविष्य

हांगकांग को कभी पूर्व और पश्चिम के बीच पुल कहा जाता था।

क्या आर्टिकल 23 उस पुल को मजबूत कर रहा है — या उसे किले में बदल रहा है?

क्या यह स्थिरता की दीवार है?
या वह संकरा गलियारा जहाँ असहमति के लिए जगह कम होती जा रही है?

यह उत्तर दृष्टिकोण पर निर्भर करता है।

इतना स्पष्ट है: आर्टिकल 23 हांगकांग के संवैधानिक विकास का निर्णायक अध्याय है।
आने वाले वर्षों में यह तय होगा कि यह दीर्घकालिक स्थिरता लाता है या वैश्विक दूरी को और गहरा करता है।




Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Kashmir Deserves Normalcy

India is no longer a democracy if Kashmir can not be like any other state in India. If the regime in Delhi will not respect human rights, it is not a democratic regime. Elections do not make a democracy, respect for human rights does. Delhi must restore normalcy to Kashmir. Israel occupied Palestine is nobody's gold standard, nobody's north pole, least of a country that claims to be the largest democracy.

India consul general in United States calls for 'Israeli model' in Kashmir Indian official tells New York meeting: 'It has happened in the Middle East. If the Israeli people can do it, we can also do it' ........... the Indian government’s goals of a settler-colonial policy for the valley, which Kashmiri academics and scholars have long warned is the ultimate ambitions of the Indian state. ...... there remains a deep anxiety among Kashmiri Pandits that their pain is being weaponised to further the goals of the BJP-led government. ........ Thus far, only a far-right European delegation has been allowed in while foreign journalists have not been allowed to enter the valley since August 5. ........ Estimates vary, but more than 100,000 Kashmiri Hindus left during the upheaval. According to government figures, 219 Kashmiri Pandits were killed between 1989-2004. ........ Since the insurgency began in the late 1980s, more than 70,000 Kashmiri Muslims have died, while an estimated 7,000 others have "disappeared". ....... Israeli-India relations have intensified since the election of Narendra Modi in 2014. India is Israel's biggest purchaser of arms, amounting to $1bn per year. ........ On Monday, Agnihoti delivered a lecture at an event jointly organised by the American Jewish Council and the Hindu Jewish Council. ......... Arab regimes are fully on board with India's settler-colonial project in Kashmir ......... “The violent re-writing of the subcontinent’s history is angering, stunning and also tiring. It’s a familiar tactic that relies on nationalism, Brahminism and Islamophobia. It has little to do with displaced Kashmiri Pandits” ......... .....Though landlines and post-paid mobile phones have been reconnected in Kashmir since the communicat9ions blockade was announced, prepaid phones, text messaging and internet services are still down in Kashmir. ........ ...There are more than 700,000 Indian troops in Kashmir, in what is described as the most militarised region on earth. Since 1947, Kashmir has been divided between India and Pakistan, with a small portion held by China.
India's blockade of Kashmir: 100 days in, the world's silence is deafening Kashmir is under a tight grip, its people occupied and their movements monitored......... Even Pakistan’s Imran Khan, who has championed the cause since 5 August, seems to be running out of steam ......... whereas Muslims facing persecution around the world are not likely to be holding out for words of comfort or solidarity from Saudi Arabia, the UAE, or any other Arab country for that matter, the resounding silence from other Muslim majority countries has been particularly shocking. ........ Turkish President Recip Tayyip Erdogan’ comments at the UN General Assembly in September have earned the wrath of India's government with Prime Minister Modi's planned visit to Ankara postponed as a result. Likewise, Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's comments during his address at the UN summit, describing India has having “invaded and occupied” Kashmir, have led nowhere either........... Even Pakistan’s prime minister, Imran Khan, who has championed the cause since August, seems to be running out of steam. So, too, has the silence been from almost all quarters of the western world, otherwise evangelical in their approach to spreading democracy and justice......... On Tuesday, it will be 100 days since the blockade began in Kashmir and very little has changed on the ground..........

In the sky, drones conduct sweeping Israeli-inspired surveillance over protest sites, helping armed forces identify "miscreants".

........ Kashmir is under a tight grip, its people occupied and their movements monitored. ....... The crackdown has seen thousands of ordinary people arrested, including children picked up by India’s armed forces - some held for a few hours, others held indefinitely - without any transparency from the state......... Parents are said to be going from prison to prison in Kashmir, only to find that their sons, held without any charge, have been transferred to prisons in a different state thousands of kilometres away. ........In mid-October, 18 female activists and academics, one as old as 82-years-old, were arrested for staging a silent protest. They were only released when they promised not to speak or protest against India, a tactic authorities are using to quell dissent. .......

Over the past week, a series of unusual and record snowfalls hit the valley, leaving residents without electricity for three days. Kashmiris were just left in the dark and in the freezing cold without the ability to call even their neighbours, emergency services or the outside world for help.

........... The spectre of Hindu-only settlements has left Kashmiris concerned that their home will resemble the Israeli-occupied West Bank. Crucially the demographic shift will render the UN mandated question of self-determination obsolete....... Kashmiris are not oblivious that their plight is among a number of vicious resource-driven and politically motivated campaigns against Muslims (often instrumentalised by Islamophobia) around the globe. ........ Kashmir is not just about territory disputed between India and Pakistan. Both countries rely heavily on the water that flows through the region. ....... On Monday, The Gambia took Myanmar to the International Court of Justice, accusing it of genocide against the Rohingya Muslim minority. ........ The case, filed at the behest of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, has been touted as a historic one, for it gives the Rohingya a chance to seek justice and accountability.
India's annexation of Kashmir is straight out of the Israeli playbook With more than 700,000 Indian soldiers, paramilitary and police in the region, the most militarised region on earth, they argued that Kashmiris were living under client leaders held firm by the might of the Indian military establishment. ........... Revoking article 370 paves the way for a full settler-colonial project in Kashmir, much like Jewish settlements in the West Bank......... This included ending the "privileges" enjoyed by Muslims - even if they were and remain the poorest and most undeveloped community in India. It also included framing Kashmir as one dotted by shrines and temples, and part of Hinduism's glorious past in the Himalayas.......... ... a full settler-colonial project in Kashmir with the next stage likely to involve Hindu-only enclaves, much like Jewish settlements in the West Bank. ........ Pakistan has supported the armed movement, but its security agencies also fear Kashmiri independence as much as India does........ his popularity increases each time Hindu-Muslim tensions rise in the country. He is a master manipulator and puppeteer of majoritarian ambition, scapegoating widespread economic failure to those who fall outside the national project, be it Muslims, or Kashmiris, or those who dare to express dissent.
When it comes to Palestine and Kashmir, India and Israel are oppressors-in-arms The hue of 'democracy' has given India and Israel special gravitas and legitimacy, while human rights violations continue unchecked......... In a back alley in downtown Srinagar, the capital of India-controlled Kashmir, a string of words splashed on a wall reads: "Long Live Palestine". Nearby, "Free Gaza" screams from a shutter on a store. .......... For many Muslims around the world, Palestine holds a special place in their political consciousness. Al-Aqsa Mosque, after all, is one of the most important sites in Islam. Those on the left, whether millennial radicals or grey-bearded Marxists, have also supported the Palestinian cause over the zealous imperialism of Zionist settler-colonialism, ethnic cleansing, displacement and war-mongering........... in Muslim-majority, India-controlled Kashmir, the subjugation of Palestinians is a personal matter - a reminder of their own condition...........

When the last Gaza offensive began in July 2014, Kashmiris took to the streets daily to protest against the Israeli bombardment.

....... Kashmir has been claimed in full by both India and Pakistan since 1947. A de facto border separates the Indian-controlled from the Pakistani-controlled parts of Kashmir. Three out of the four wars fought between the two countries have been over the dispute. ........

with around 700,000 troops amid a population of 14 million, Kashmir is the most militarised place on earth.

....... This is a society harassed by checkpoints and army convoys, terrorised by troops able to operate with impunity under the Armed Forces Special Powers Act, and mired in a legal malaise called the Public Safety Act that allows young boys to be picked up and held indefinitely without charge. This is not dissimilar to the Israeli policy of "administrative detention" that has seen thousands of Palestinians held indefinitely. ............ For years, Indian forces have used lead-plated pellets as a method of "crowd control". These have blinded 1,000 people and wounded 10,000 others, with injuries ranging from torn tissue to internal organ damage............. As if violence was not enough, the Indian state regularly disconnects the internet and telephone services to discourage grassroots organising and the dissemination of information, and to cut off Kashmiri people from the rest of the world. ......... Between 2013 and 2017, India was the largest importer of Israeli arms. Israeli Rafael's Spice 2000 missiles as well as Heron drones reportedly played a significant role in India's recent "surgical strike" in Pakistan on 26 February. Just days before the strike, India ordered 50 more drones in a deal worth $500m.......... Israel has systematically ethnically cleansed Palestinians, taking over their homes, buying off resistance, quelling dissent, and appropriating elements of their culture - even cuisine - as part of a larger bid to remove the Palestinian footprint from these lands. As a result, Palestinians are essentially second-class non-citizens. .............In comparison, India, through a policy of "domestication" - or to use BJP leader Ram Madhav’s words, "instilling India" into Kashmiri Muslims - seeks to make Kashmiri Muslims relinquish their political identities and submit to the larger Indian project.............. They would then become "Indian Muslims," who, by all measures of success and equity in Indian society, are second-class citizens. The end game is to facilitate a demographic shift in Kashmir itself, bringing in more Hindus from India to settle into Kashmir............ Both Israel and India employ a sophisticated, securitised, statist language - parroted by their jingoistic media - that helps to legitimise the occupation, along with related human rights violations and crackdowns. ......... The quick resort to Islamophobia is an easy sell to justify their actions. Just as Israel describes its invasions of Gaza as a "defence" against "radical Islamist" Hamas members, Indians are still able to invoke their international brands of "Gandhi" and "yoga" while unleashing ammunition into protests by Kashmiri youth, saying that they are Pakistan-sponsored terrorists or radical jihadists.............. Israelis famously picnicked on hilltops to watch as the bombs rained down on Gaza in 2014. This week, as Indian jets flew over Pakistani territory to kickstart war, Indian celebrities cheered them on Twitter..............

Just as Israelis or Zionists intimidate academics, journalists and intellectuals who question Israeli policies, so too do the strong, often nationalistic Indian diaspora in media houses and schools around the planet attempt to suppress any discussion of Kashmir.

........... Like Palestinians, many young Kashmiris, powerless in the face of state machinery, have resorted to stone-pelting. The fact that Indian authorities use disproportionate force - including burning down villages, homes and crops of those loosely acquainted with rebel fighters - is also conveniently ignored........... Both Palestine and Kashmir have neighbours operating primarily on self-interest. If Palestine has Jordan and Egypt undermining its cause, Kashmir has Pakistan, which seeks little more than allegiance and a worthy alibi in India to deflect from the real and legitimate concerns of Kashmiris.............. This comes after Kashmiris in various Indian cities were beaten and intimidated by mobs who screamed "Dogs welcome but not Kashmiris," following the attack on paramilitary forces on 14 February. ............ The hue of "democracy" has given both India and Israel special gravitas and legitimacy; their supposed utility - India's economic power and Israeli's technological prowess - for the rest of the world has also granted them a certain immunity. Israel might still have its detractors, while India is still "a lesser evil". But together, they are formidable.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Hong Kong: The Protest Looking For A Safe Landing?

Of course, I can’t say that in five years later Hong Kong will have free elections suddenly, and that [a member of] the pro-democracy camp can be the leader of Hong Kong. But at least freedom from fear is what we hope for.
--- Joshua Wong, Hong Kong democracy leader

Look at what the most visible face of the movement is saying. The guy is already resigned to the fact that the fifth demand will not be met. And that posture matters.



A Criticism Of The Hong Kong Protestors
I Worry For The Hong Kong Protestors
The Hong Kong Protest Lacks Political Sophistication

Friday, September 27, 2019

इमरान ने जनरल असेम्ब्ली में छक्का मारा





धारा ३७० को हटाना अगर गलत था तो लोग भारतमें सर्वोच्च अदालत को जाएँगे। लेकिन कर्फ्यु जो अभी तक जारी है वो तो बहुत गलत है। ये तो चीन ने जो १० लाख लोगों को डिटेन कर रखा है उससे भी दो कदम आगे चला गया। आप ८० लाख लोगों को खुले जेल में रखे हुवे हैं। ये तो बहुत गलत है।

आप कहते हैं काश्मीर के हित में है ये कदम। तो कश्मीरियों को खुले में आने दिजिए। जश्न मनाने दिजिए। ५०-५० दिन तक कहीँ कर्फ्यु लगाया जाता है?

मैं चाहुँगा इमरान अपना राजनीतिक दबाब बनाए रखे। नहीं तो कर्फ्यु कभी उठेगा ही नहीं।

काश्मीर के लोगों का मानव अधिकार भारतके संविधान में सुरक्षित है। काश्मीर में जो मानव अधिकार हनन है वो भारतके संविधान के विरुद्ध है।

आप अगर अपने देशके भितर मानव अधिकार हनन अगर करते हैं तो वो आतंरिक मामला नहीं रह जाता।

The curfew in Kashmir must be lifted immediately. 




Friday, September 20, 2019

Modi's Big Political Mistake On Article 370 In Kashmir

The status quo was unsustainable. I grant you that much. But if the goal is lasting peace between India and Pakistan, the move just made by Modi and his Man Friday Amit Shah might not have been the best step forward.

First of all, let's start with the aspect that is black and white to me. Why do you have a curfew for so long? You have turned all of Kashmir into an open-air prison. You claim the move you just made is in the best interests of the people of Kashmir and their aspirations for peace and prosperity. Well then, let them speak. Let them come out into the streets and celebrate this wonderful move of yours. And if some want to peacefully protest, let them. Let the politicians out. Move Kashmir towards elections at the earliest.

I have long advocated that the key to permanent peace is for both countries to recognize the Line Of Control as the final border, and to boost trade and tourism across the border. That formula, applied between India and Kashmir, can then be taken also to the India China border, the longest disputed border in the world.

So you can say this abrogation of Article 370 is just a step in that direction. But a much better way would have been to take the people of Kashmir into confidence, to take the political leaders of Kashmir into confidence, to take Pakistan into confidence. Modi should have taken Imran Khan on his offer and organized summit talks, one attended not just by the Prime Ministers, but also by the two army chiefs, and the two intelligence chiefs.

And then the two could have agreed, let's leave the Pakistani Kashmir with Pakistan, and the Indian Kashmir with India, and let's pull back our troops and normalize the border. Let's now focus on trade and tourism. Let's compete to install full-fledged democracy across Kashmir. Let's compete on human rights.

After that summit and agreement with Imran Khan, Modi and team could then have taken people like Omar Abdullah and Mufti into confidence, and then the Article 370 could have been abrogated.

But now that where we are, the total focus has to be on restoring normalcy in Kashmir and heading towards elections. That is a black and white issue to me. And I will call out Delhi on that. Delhi is wrong to impose what looks like an indefinite curfew in Kashmir. That is wrong.

Wednesday, September 04, 2019

Hong Kong Problem: Unholy Alliance Of Capitalists And Communists



I don't know the details. So forgive if I get something wrong. I will stand corrected. But it is my understanding that something like half the Hong Kong legislature is not directly elected by Hong Kong citizens. These are business people, rich people, tycoons, industrialists, billionaires, real estate moguls, who enter the legislature through some kind of a back door that they negotiated in 1997 when Britain left. And these unelected people are the most reliable supporters of Beijing in Hong Kong. Go figure. It is like, there is a patch of no man's land somewhere in Latin America where Islamist terrorists and white nationalist terrorists both go to get trained.

And Carrie Lam is obviously not elected by the people of Hong Kong or she would have accepted the demands on day one. She is appointed by Beijing. That is ridiculous. That is not my idea of one country, two systems.

All members of the Hong Kong legislature need to be directly elected by Hong Kong citizens. The Chief Executive of Hong Kong needs to be directly elected by Hong Kong citizens. That would be an affirmation of one country, two systems.

2047 is a deadline. That is when all of China becomes like Hong Kong. Hong Kong does not become like China.


Carrie Lam, What Took You So Long?
Hong Kong And Beijing: The Water Will Break The Dam
Hong Kong Chief Executive Can't Choose To Quit
Steve Bannon, Hong Kong, 1989, And The CCP
Hong Kong Protests: The World Should Not Watch A Possible Massacre
Why Hong Kong Needs A Directly Elected Chief Executive
The Hong Kong Protest Lacks Political Sophistication
Hong Kong: The Shenzen Angle
Could Andrew Yang Become President?

Saturday, August 31, 2019

Delhi Must Restore Normalcy In Kashmir



Pakistan brought to a standstill for 'Kashmir hour' demonstrations
'Normalcy' vs reality: Conflicting narratives about Kashmir
Kashmir Live Updates: Pak ready for conditional bilateral talks with India, says Qureshi
Restrictions on movement of people lifted in most parts of Kashmir normal life remained affected across the valley for the 27th consecutive day on Saturday...... The markets continued to remain shut, while public transport was off the roads, the officials said, adding schools also remained closed. ..... landline telephone services have been restored in most places across the valley in view of the improving situation

Meet Kashmiri girl whose video is creating sensation she lives in Mumbai and works for a Hong Kong-based company..... According to Mirchandani, her ancestors migrated to Kashmir from Sindh a decade before partition. She claims that she comes from a Muslim family, but later embraced Sanatana Dharma.





The Road to 'Naya Kashmir' more than half the police stations in the Valley have relaxed curbs on day-time movement. People have withdrawn over Rs 800 crore from ATMs over the past fortnight, indicating that "the wheels of the economy continue to grind" for the common man ...... Article 370 permitted J&K to have its own constitution, its own flag and full autonomy in its internal administration, except for defence, foreign policy and communications, which were left for the Union government to control. ..... Once these leaders emerge from the silence of arrest, they may be reduced to pleading for the restoration of statehood at the earliest, which the central government has said it will consider. ...... Modi has signalled that he will render the current lot of political leaders irrelevant in the state by handing over the reins of the new Union territory to a new crop of grassroots leaders to build a 'Naya Kashmir'. ....... The BJP and the RSS have for decades made their intention clear on the abrogation of Articles 370 and 35A (according to which non-permanent residents of J&K could not purchase or own land in the state). But the gameplan to achieve this was set in motion only in the final year of the first term of the Modi government....... "The problem in Kashmir is largely due to 50-odd political families there. They have been milking the issue. They don't want any benefit to be given to ordinary Kashmiris. People want freedom from such political families who have been preying on their emotions for 50 years. ..... "It was a corrupt edifice built on patronage-there were scams in recruitment for government posts, separatists were being bankrolled by many of those who had earlier run the government and there were only a few institutions where the rule of law prevailed. It was a sham democracy and the state was on the verge of collapse." ...... There was also deep concern over the growing radicalisation of the Kashmiri youth, especially after mosques and madrassas funded by more extreme sects had doubled in the past 15 years. ..... "The game in the past decade was an unethical compact between Delhi and the state that allowed the system to flourish as long as each got what they wanted. Delhi's approach was to manage Kashmir and ally with mainstream parties like the NC and PDP to run the government as long as they made the right noises about swearing allegiance to India. Never mind if only a few leaders and their families flourished, to the detriment of the state." ..... a five-pronged strategy: speed up development, hold panchayat elections, curb corruption, crack down on militants and prevent infiltration. ...... panchayat elections in October 2018 ..... unlike in the past, the sarpanches could disburse funds varying fromRs 50 lakh to Rs 1 crore each for local projects. While both the NC and PDP boycotted the elections, voter turnout in the Valley was a decent 40 per cent. What shook these parties after the elections was that people started flocking to the newly elected sarpanches for development assistance, bypassing the local MLAs who had so far held sway. ...... we eliminated close to 250 terrorists last year ...... went after prominent Kashmiri businessman Zahoor Ahmad Shah Watali and attached his property for allegedly being involved in terror financing and money-laundering for Hurriyat leaders...... a masterful legal strategy had been worked out in secret to dilute the provisions of Article 370 without having to get the state assembly's consent..... if there was an Afghan settlement, it would enable Pakistan to push all the Afghan radicals freed from civil strife towards the Indian border, as in the late '90s when the Taliban captured power in Afghanistan. ...... Top officials in J&K sensed something big was about to happen but were not sure exactly what. ...... In the past year, we mapped areas that needed more attention and forces, areas that were hard-core zones for stone-pelters and who the biggest trouble-makers were. ..... We also knew a communication lockdown would become necessary, which is why we equipped the entire police force with an alternative wireless system." ....... "Trying to pre-empt large-scale violence is not immoral; rather, it is the duty of a responsible government. There is inconvenience, but it is better than having body bags pile up if violence breaks out. The restrictions in place are quite sensitive to ground realities. As and when the situation improves, they will be eased." ....... All senior leaders of political parties were either put under house arrest or taken into custody and housed in hotels in the Valley or elsewhere in the state. All those listed as potential trouble-makers were also arrested. Meanwhile, the government cut off all telecommunications-landlines, cell phones and internet-ensuring a complete communication blackout. ...... Section 144 of the CrPC, which prohibits the assembly of five or more people in an area and also restricts carrying any sort of weapon, was imposed. ...... As also curfews, wherever necessary. The government claimed it had made provisions to keep hospitals running as well as ensure supply of food and other essentials. ...... NSA Doval spent 10 days in the state, chairing meetings on many occasions and also meeting people to fine-tune government strategy. ...... Among the big challenges is to ensure that the upcoming apple-plucking season, which is in September and October, is not disrupted. In Shopian, apple capital of the state, Sandeep Chaudhary, the superintendent of police, said that in his recent meeting with growers, rather than anger over Article 370, the bigger concern was to get the plucking and packing of apples going and have trucks move them out of the district for distribution and sale across the country. ..... the administration has announced that it will hold elections for block development councils in October. Along with panchayat leaders, these elections would throw up another rung of leadership invested in development. ...... 50,000 vacancies for government posts will be filled up soon ..... for the long term, the government is drawing up massive plans to build tourism infrastructure and develop Kashmir as an international destination that can compete with the best. ...... plans to set up sufficient processing and cold storage units for apples, peaches, pears as well as dry fruits to make the state an export hub. ...... a major investment summit it is planning in November gets the country's top industrialists to commit to setting up employment-generating projects in the state. ....... The Modi government is keen to bring in a whole new leadership from the grassroots while simultaneously correcting the institutional maladies that have afflicted the state in the past. This means the central government is in no hurry to restore statehood to J&K, and the process may take years. Having discredited the existing state leaders and their parties, the BJP would ideally like J&K to be ruled by a national party like itself rather than a regional satrap. ........ "After the abrogation of Article 370, all launch pads in PoK are full of terrorists and we have to thwart attempts to infiltrate practically every day. On the conventional front, Pakistan has made certain movement of forces of which we are aware and taking corrective action. If Pakistan indulges in any misadventure, I can assure you, it will get a befitting reply." Till winter sets in and makes crossing the border from the mountains difficult, the Indian armed forces have to be on their guard...... If Pakistan instigates a terror strike against India, it will further turn international opinion against it. ....... Pakistan can hardly complain. It has integrated PoK and the Northern Areas as two provinces leaving them with little independence to operate. ......

The only thing India should watch out for is violation of human rights, particularly if major violence breaks out in the state and the security forces use an iron fist to put it down.

In Jammu, which has a Hindu majority, there is already concern that those from Punjab will buy up their lands and dominate them. ..... Some now call for restrictions on land ownership as in Himachal.




Khan: Pakistan Will Stand With Kashmir Traffic around the country stopped for several minutes as the anthems of Pakistan and Kashmir were played on state media at noon....... India's Kashmir-related moves have prompted Khan to repeatedly describe the government of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi as fascist and supremacist. Khan has also compared the Modi government with Nazi Germany and has alleged that Modi's actions pose a threat to both Pakistan and religious minorities in India.
Kashmir situation contrary to Centre’s claims: Yechury The ground situation in Kashmir is “completely contrary” to what the Narendra Modi government has been saying, CPI(M) general secretary Sitaram Yechury said after returning from Srinagar where he met his ailing party colleague Yusuf Tarigami.